The ideal alignment of PV systems plays a decisive role in the Maximizing energy production from sunlight. Correct alignment not only ensures that Efficient use available solar energy, but can also have a significant influence on the Profitability and performance of the photovoltaic system. In this article, we look at the importance of the ideal orientation of PV systems and how it affects energy production.
Why is an ideal alignment of the PV system important?
The alignment of a PV system refers to the positioning of the solar modules in relation to the Cardinal points. However, there is no such thing as perfect alignment, as it depends on various factors such as the geographical location, the climate and possibly the roof pitch. This is particularly true if the PV system on a pitched or monopitch roof is to be installed. However, there are a few rules of thumb that can help with the orientation of PV systems. In general, there are two main orientations: facing south and facing west or east.
The ideal alignment depends on various factors, including Location, latitude, tilt angle and the desired Time of day for maximum energy generation. However, the solar modules in roof-mounted PV systems can be elevated and, in the case of Solar parks or PV carports can usually be perfectly adjusted to the solar radiation through optimum installation. The following always applies: the sun emits the most energy when it is at an almost perpendicular angle onto the solar cells hits. The so-called azimuth angle is 0°.
In Germany, an orientation between south-east and south-west at an azimuth angle of 45° or - 45° is still considered sensible. The optimum angle of inclination is around 30°. The most efficient orientation in our latitudes is therefore to the south. This is the best angle for capturing sunlight during the day. However, correct orientation always guarantees a higher energy production and therefore also a Higher return for the system operator. It is therefore important to plan carefully and determine the optimum orientation before installing a PV system.
Orientation of the PV system to the south:
The south-facing orientation is often referred to as "optimal alignment" considered. It enables the highest energy production over the entire year. Solar cells facing south receive the most solar radiation during the midday hours. They therefore generate the most energy during this time. However, this orientation has also disadvantagesYou can usually install fewer modules, as a purely south-facing orientation requires more space. The highest electricity production is at lunchtime or during the lunch break, when the company may consume less electricity. Conversely, the PV system generates significantly less energy in the morning and evening hours, when the machines are mostly producing.
Orientation to the west and east:
In many cases, it makes more sense to align the PV modules to the west and east. This can distribute energy production throughout the day and reduce peak production to the east. Morning or afternoon shift. This orientation is particularly advantageous if the main electricity consumption is at these times. An east-west orientation also makes it easier to control the grid feed-in at certain times of day. It also offers the advantage that the modules do not Shadow each other. Overall, it is also possible to More modules on the same area for more power. The optimum alignment is compared in advance with the company's load profile and the solar register.
Consideration of the angle of inclination:
The tilt angle of the PV modules also plays an important role. The optimum tilt angle depends on the exact latitude of the planned system. As a rule, the angle of inclination in degrees roughly corresponds to the latitude of the location. However, if the tilt angle is too low so that the solar modules are not damaged by rain or snow. Clean it yourselfIf the fan is installed at a lower angle, soiling can lead to a considerable loss of performance. With a smaller angle of inclination from the 30-35° usual in Germany depending on disturbing influences such as leaves, needles, dust, soot or bird droppings, losses of 2-3 % of the PV yield. The surroundings should also be taken into account, as Trees, masts or other buildings can cast shadows and therefore affect the performance of the PV system. Professional advice helps to find the best location for a PV system and ensure that it delivers the best yield.
Technological advances:
Modern solar inverters and Tracking systems or tracking systems can help optimize the performance of PV systems, regardless of their orientation. Tracking systems automatically move the solar panels to follow the sun's path across the sky, which can further increase energy production. However, such systems are quite a High investment and the technology is more susceptible to faults than permanently installed solar modules, which is particularly noticeable with high wind or snow loads.
How is the ideal alignment of PV systems found?
The ideal orientation of PV systems is crucial to ensure maximum energy production from sunlight. South facing is often the most efficient option, but other orientations may be appropriate depending on location, energy consumption patterns and technological advances. If more power is required in the morning, an easterly orientation should be chosen. A westerly orientation is suitable for those who use the most electricity in the evening. Ultimately, it depends on the company's load profile as to which orientation is most suitable. It is therefore always advisable, professional advice and location analyses to determine the ideal alignment and inclination for a specific PV system to determine. Ultimately, the right orientation can help maximize the return on investment in solar energy while contributing to sustainable energy production.