{"id":36343,"date":"2026-10-23T13:16:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T11:16:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/?p=36343"},"modified":"2026-10-23T13:25:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T11:25:07","slug":"lcoe-vs-lcos-power-generation-costs-and-storage-costs-cannot-be-directly-compared","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/lcoe-vs-lcos-stromgestehungskosten-speicherkosten-lassen-sich-nicht-direkt-vergleichen\/","title":{"rendered":"LCOE vs. LCOS: Power generation costs &amp; storage costs cannot be directly compared"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Brief overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>LCOE<\/strong> (Levelized Cost of Electricity, Stromgestehungskosten) describes the average costs per <strong>produced<\/strong> Kilowatt-hour or megawatt-hour.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LCOS<\/strong> (Levelized Cost of Storage) describes the average cost per <strong>delivered from the memory<\/strong> Energy volume. A storage device does not generate electricity; it simply shifts it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Both indicators only represent the <strong>Cost side<\/strong> They say nothing about when energy is generated or what revenues they generate in the market.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A direct comparison (\u201eSolar costs X, storage costs Y\u201c) therefore leads to confusion. Alternatives for the same task are therefore directly comparable, for example solar plus storage compared to a gas power plant, or a battery storage system compared to a conventional battery system. <strong>Top load power plant<\/strong> or <strong>Gas turbine peak load power plant<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For investment decisions, the additional <strong>Revenue Side<\/strong>Economic calculation, revenue stacking and the specific conditions at the site.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Falling costs for renewable energy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The cost of electricity storage for renewable energy <strong>declining in the long run<\/strong>, And in many markets they are now below those of new fossil power plants. Moreover, the costs of battery storage have been declining significantly for years. Various analyses, including those by BloombergNEF, Wood Mackenzie and Fraunhofer ISE, all show this development to be consistent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is natural to juxtapose both developments directly: the generation\u2019s cost of electricity storage (LCOE) on the one hand, and the cost of storage (LCOS) on the other. But that is tricky, because <strong>The two metrics measure different things<\/strong>. The LCOE describes the costs of the energy produced, whereas the LCOS describes the costs of a time-shifted energy production. Moreover, the terms are not uniformly used in practice: The storage values are often also referred to as \u201eLCOE\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A recent example is the BloombergNEF (BNEF) Levelized Cost of Electricity 2026 report from February 2026, which has been referenced in numerous media reports and analyses. According to BNEF, 2025 was a mixed year: the global benchmark for a four-hour battery storage project <strong>fell % to 78 US dollars per megawatt hour<\/strong>, This is a record low since the start of the survey in 2009. In contrast, the costs of most other technologies have risen. The benchmark for fixed-location solar parks was 39 US dollars per megawatt-hour, 6 % more than the previous year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When these two numbers are compared side by side, one could conclude that storage electricity is twice as expensive as solar electricity. This conclusion would be wrong. This article explains why LCOE and LCOS are not easily comparable, what the current figures from BNEF, Wood Mackenzie and Fraunhofer ISE actually indicate, and which comparisons work technically well. We have already defined the LCOS in the article. <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/levelized-cost-of-storage-lcos-for-bess\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"31087\">Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS)<\/a> explained. This is about classification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Two metrics, two questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both metrics calculate the total cost of an installation over its lifetime based on the amount of energy it provides. The difference lies in what is considered \u201edelivered.\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>LCOE (cost of electricity generation)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>LCOS (Storage costs)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference size<\/td><td>Generated energy (kWh\/MWh)<\/td><td>Energy discharged from the storage device (kWh\/MWh)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Answering the question<\/td><td>What does it cost to generate a megawatt hour?<\/td><td>How much does it cost to shift a megawatt hour to a later time?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Included factors<\/td><td>Investment, operation, financing, fuel and CO\u2082 costs, if applicable<\/td><td>Investment, operation, financing, degradation, efficiency losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Costs for charging current<\/td><td>Not relevant<\/td><td>Depending on the study, they may or may not be included; therefore, always check.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Not part of the characteristic<\/td><td>Time value of electricity, system costs, security<\/td><td>Revenue, time value, market spreads<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The metric is suitable for<\/td><td>Comparison of production technologies<\/td><td>Comparison of flexibility options<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important: The term \u201eLCOE for storage,\u201c as used by BNEF, is in practice a cost benchmark per megawatt-hour delivered. Methodological details, such as how load current is taken into account, are included in the fee-based report and are not mentioned in the BloombergNEF report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What the BNEF analysis for 2025 shows<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BNEF published the results of its report in February 2026. The main findings: The costs of battery storage have dropped sharply in 2025, while the costs of most other technologies have increased. BNEF cites lower cell prices, more competition among manufacturers, and improved system design as reasons for the decline in storage costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Technology<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Global benchmark 2025<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Change compared to the previous year<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Battery storage (4 hours)<\/td><td>78 $\/MWh<\/td><td>\u221227 % (record low)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Solar (open area, fixed orientation)<\/td><td>39 $\/MWh<\/td><td>+6%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Onshore wind<\/td><td>40 $\/MWh<\/td><td>slightly increased globally<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Offshore wind<\/td><td>100 $\/MWh<\/td><td>+12%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Solar plus storage <br>(combined projects)<\/td><td>57 $\/MWh (average)<\/td><td>87 GW of new capacity in 2025<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gas power plant (GuD\/CCGT)<\/td><td>102 $\/MWh<\/td><td>+16 % (record high)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Source: BloombergNEF, Levelized Cost of Electricity 2026.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, the BNEF figures show:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In six markets, the cost of four-hour storage is already below 100 $\/MWh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For 2035, BNEF expects cost reductions of 30 % for solar, 25 % for battery storage, 23 % for onshore wind and 20 % for offshore wind. According to PV Tech reports, this would correspond to a value of around 58 $\/MWh for storage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The 78 $\/MWh are even lower than the approximately 93 $\/MWh that BNEF had expected in its 2025 forecast for the previous year.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to BNEF, costs for solar have % fallen by 97 percent since 2010, % and for battery storage by 93 percent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why the direct comparison fails<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Generating is not moving<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A solar system generates energy from sunlight. A storage device stores energy and releases it later, but never completely, because losses occur with every cycle. The electricity leaving the storage device is therefore always more expensive than the electricity entering it. The costs of generation and storage <strong>add<\/strong> So they are not competing with each other along the value chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is also shown by the BNEF value for combined solar-plus-storage projects. On average, <strong>57 $\/MWh<\/strong> This figure lies between the individual values for solar (39 $\/MWh) and storage (78 $\/MWh). The costs do not simply add up because only part of the generated energy is stored. How the mix is composed depends on the design. The BloombergNEF analysis does not provide any details on this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The LCOS depends heavily on the assumptions made.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A LCOS value is only meaningful in conjunction with its assumptions. These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Number of cycles per year:<\/strong> The more frequently a storage device is used, the more energy is spread over the same fixed costs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Discharge depth and efficiency:<\/strong> They determine how much of the stored energy is actually usable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Degradation and augmentation:<\/strong> The capacity decreases over the lifetime, which can be compensated for through retrofitting.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Life span and capital costs:<\/strong> They have a strong impact on the annuity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Storage duration:<\/strong> A two-hour storage has different cost structures than one with four hours.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Charging current:<\/strong> Whether and at what cost he is included changes the outcome significantly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two storage facilities with identical hardware can therefore have very different LCOS, depending on how intensively and under what conditions they are operated. The same principle applies to fossil power plants, where electricity generation costs depend heavily on annual full-load hours. Assumptions also play a role in the LCOE of generation facilities (location, full-load hours, financing), but the range for LCOS is often larger because the use of renewable energy sources is not as significant as in conventional power plants. <strong>Operational concept<\/strong> depends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">One megawatt hour is not the same as one megawatt hour.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both metrics treat each unit of energy equally, regardless of the time of day. In the electricity market, this is not the case. Solar power tends to be priced lower when many systems are feeding in at the same time and prices are low. Electricity in the early evening is often <strong>significantly more valuable<\/strong>. It is precisely this time shift that a memory provides, and this value does not appear in either the LCOE or the LCOS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">System costs and the stability of the system are not taken into account<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LCOE represents the costs of the individual plant, not the total system. Network expansion, balancing energy, backup capacity, and the question of whether a technology is appropriate. <strong>steerable<\/strong> That is not the case; therefore, the common statement \u201erenewable energy sources are cheaper than fossil fuels\u201c is true for production costs, but incomplete for security of supply. Storage is a component that partially fills this gap. Seasonal shifts from summer to winter cannot be completely covered by battery storage with its storage duration of a few hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where comparisons work professionally<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Solar plus storage compared to gas.<\/strong> A combined solar storage project provides controllable electricity and is therefore comparable to a gas power plant. According to BNEF, combined projects average 57 $\/MWh, while a new GuD power plant is 102 $\/MWh. Again, these figures are global averages, depending on region, design, and assumptions regarding reliability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Battery storage versus gas peakers <\/strong>(Peak load power plant or gas turbine peak load power plant). All of them are intended to cover short-term load peaks. Wood Mackenzie concludes in a separate LCOE analysis that four-hour battery storage is cheaper in all 43 markets studied where both technologies were evaluated than open gas turbines. This is a comparison of flexibility versus flexibility. How much load utilization affects the costs of more flexible power plants is shown in a short analysis by Fraunhofer ISE: For flexible power plants built in 2030, depending on the energy source and the number of full-load hours, the electricity storage costs range between 12.9 and 132.7 ct\/kWh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Storage technologies in relation to each other.<\/strong> Anyone who compares lithium-ion storage with other technologies should base their assumptions on identical parameters: the same discharge duration, the same number of cycles, the same capital costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Comparison<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Is the comparison meaningful?<\/strong>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LCOE for solar vs. LCOS storage<\/td><td>No \u2013 there are different size options and the costs add up.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Solar plus storage for a gas power plant<\/td><td>Yes, with reservations. Both systems provide controllable power; check assumptions regarding safety<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Battery storage against gas peakers<\/td><td>Yes, both systems cover peak loads. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Storage technology vs. storage technology<\/td><td>Yes, provided the same service is compared and the conditions are the same. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Classification for Germany<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Global benchmarks from BNEF cannot easily be applied to Germany. Here, among other things, grid fee regulations for storage, construction subsidies, network connection costs, and charging current prices influence the actual costs. Regulatory changes such as the AgNes grid fee reform also have an impact on economic efficiency. An overview and current status of the reform can be found in the article \u201eAgNes Finalization Draft 2026\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For Germany, the Fraunhofer ISE provides reliable values in the study \u201eElectricity Stablity Costs of Renewable Energies\u201c (July 2024):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PV off-grid systems and onshore wind energy systems, with 4.1 to 9.2 ct\/kWh, are among the most cost-effective types of power plants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For PV battery systems, Fraunhofer ISE provides a range of 6.0 to 22.5 ct\/kWh. This wide range results from the cost differences between battery systems (400 to 1,000 \u20ac\/kWh), PV systems, and the sunlight at the site.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The values refer to new power plants to be built. Existing gas and coal power plants may, under certain conditions, generate cheaper electricity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important for classification: The Fraunhofer number is a <strong>LCOE for the combined system of PV and battery<\/strong>, Not a pure LCOS. Here too, a memory value cannot be read in isolation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A different picture emerges for Europe as well, compared to the global trend: According to Wood Mackenzie, investment costs for battery storage in Europe have % increased by 2 in 2026 (higher cell prices and lithium costs); a decrease of 12 is % expected for the period up to 2031. The global record figure from BNEF does not reflect this development in a one-to-one way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Project metrics: What matters in storage decisions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A cost figure alone is not sufficient to evaluate a storage project. The LCOS shows what the energy supplied costs. It does not say what it generates in the market. Therefore, what is decisive is the <strong>Comparison with revenues<\/strong>, which can achieve a storage capacity. These include, for example, the <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/day-ahead-trading-with-battery-storage\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/day-ahead-handel-batteriespeicher\/\">Day-Ahead trading with BESS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/intraday-trading-battery-storage\/\">Intraday Trading<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/balancing-energy-additional-revenue-from-electricity-storage\/\">Balancing energy<\/a> or the combination of several revenue sources (<a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/revenue-stacking-virtual-cycling-battery-storage\/\">Revenue Stacking<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When planning battery storage systems, network connection, location, and operational concept also play a central role, for example in the case of: <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/co-location-as-an-indispensable-asset-for-renewable-energy-plants\/\">Co-Location BESS<\/a> with PV or wind turbines. CUBE CONCEPTS internally uses the LCOS as a metric to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of battery storage projects as part of the economic calculations for a project. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>What is the difference between LCOE and LCOS?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LCOE stands for Levelized Cost of Electricity and describes the average costs per unit of energy produced over the lifetime of an installation. LCOS stands for Levelized Cost of Storage and refers to the energy delivered from a storage system. The LCOE therefore measures generation, while LCOS measures the temporal displacement of energy.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Can LCOE and LCOS be directly compared?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No, not easily. The two metrics have different reference sizes, and a storage device requires additional charging current, which must be generated beforehand. Alternatives that are comparable in terms of functionality for the same task are, for example, solar plus storage compared to a gas power plant or a battery storage system compared to a gas peaker.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>According to BNEF 2026, what are the storage costs?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the BNEF report \u201eLevelized Cost of Electricity 2026\u201c, the global benchmark for a four-hour battery storage project in 2025 was 78 US dollars per megawatt hour. That was 27 % less than the previous year and the lowest value since the start of the survey in 2009. For 2035, BNEF expects another decline of 25 %.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Is solar plus storage cheaper than gas?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to BNEF, combined solar storage projects worldwide average $57 per megawatt-hour, while a new gas-and-steam power plant costs $102. This is the global average. In Germany, the result depends on the location, design, grid connection, and regulatory framework.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Why do LCOS values differ so much between studies?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LCOS values are based on assumptions regarding cycle count, discharge depth, efficiency, degradation, lifetime, capital costs, and charging current. Even small differences in these parameters significantly alter the result. Therefore, an LCOS value is only meaningful when combined with its assumptions.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BloombergNEF: Press release \u201eBattery Storage Costs Hit Record Lows as Costs of Other Clean Power Technologies Increased\u201c, 18.02.2026<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pv magazine: \u201eSolar LCOE to fall 30% by 2035, says BloombergNEF\u201c, 23.02.2026<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PV Tech: \u201eSolar LCOE saw anomalous 6% increase between 2024 and 2025\u201c (Republished by now.solar, 04.03.2026)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TaiyangNews: \u201e4-Hour Battery Cheaper Than Gas Turbines In 43 Markets\u201c (Wood Mackenzie)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fraunhofer ISE: Study \u201eElectricity generation costs of renewable energy\u201c, July 2024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fraunhofer ISE: Press information \u201ePhotovoltaics with battery storage cheaper than conventional power plants\u201c, August 2024<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kurz\u00fcberblick Sinkende Kosten f\u00fcr Erneuerbare Die Stromgestehungskosten f\u00fcr erneuerbare Energien sinken langfristig, und in vielen M\u00e4rkten liegen sie inzwischen unter denen neuer fossiler Kraftwerke. Auch die Kosten f\u00fcr Batteriespeicher gehen seit Jahren deutlich zur\u00fcck. Verschiedene Analysen, darunter die von BloombergNEF, Wood Mackenzie und dem Fraunhofer ISE, zeigen diese Entwicklung \u00fcbereinstimmend. Naheliegend ist es, beide Entwicklungen [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":395,"featured_media":36404,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-batteriespeicher","category-grundlagen-technik"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>LCOE vs. LCOS: Kosten von Strom und Speicher vergleichen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"LCOE und LCOS messen Verschiedenes. 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