{"id":34139,"date":"2026-09-01T10:09:11","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T08:09:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/?p=34139"},"modified":"2026-09-24T14:09:14","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T12:09:14","slug":"primary-energy-consumption-pec-in-germany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/primaerenergieverbrauch-pev-in-deutschland\/","title":{"rendered":"Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) in Germany: Definition, Current Figures &amp; Development"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Brief overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>primary energy consumption<\/strong> (PEV) Germany's [primary energy consumption] in 2025, according to the current estimate by the Working Group on Energy Balances (AGEB), was around <strong>2.931 TWh<\/strong> (10,553 petajoules). This was nearly at the previous year&#x27;s level (-0.1 %; adjusted for weather conditions, the decline would have been more pronounced at around -1.2 %).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Since the historic peak in 1990 (around 4,140 TWh), the <strong>PEV fell by a total of about 29 %<\/strong>. The share of renewables stood at 20.8 % in 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to the Energy Efficiency Act (EnEfG), PEV is expected to be 39.3 % below the 2008 level by 2030. Current projections by the Federal Environment Agency indicate that this goal is at risk given the measures adopted to date.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is primary energy consumption (PEC)?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primary energy consumption refers to the energy content of all energy sources used in a country, measured in their <strong>original, not yet converted form<\/strong>. This includes both fossil fuels such as mineral oil, natural gas, brown coal (lignite), and hard coal, as well as renewable energies such as wind power, photovoltaics, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The primary energy consumption is calculated by the Energy Balances Working Group (AGEB) as the sum of domestic energy production, adjusted for the foreign trade balance (imports and exports) as well as the balance of energy storage injections and withdrawals. The basis is the so-called <strong>principle of efficiency<\/strong>. Directly combusted energy sources, such as coal, gas, and oil, are included in the balance based on their calorific value. Electricity from wind, hydro, and solar power, on the other hand, is assumed to have a theoretical efficiency of 100 %, while geothermal energy is assumed to have an efficiency of 10 %. This methodology has an important side effect: The PEV automatically decreases when fossil-fuel power plants\u2014which have conversion losses of 35\u201345 %\u2014are replaced by renewable generation assumed to be loss-free\u2014even if actual final energy consumption remains constant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The PEC is thus the most comprehensive of the four central German energy balance indicators. It forms the baseline from which \u2013 after deduction of conversion and transmission losses \u2013 the <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/gross-final-energy-consumption-gfec-in-germany\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"34193\">gross final energy consumption<\/a> and, specifically for the electricity sector, the <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/gross-electricity-consumption-gec-in-germany\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"34154\">Gross electricity consumption<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/gross-electricity-generation-in-germany\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"34184\">Gross electricity generation<\/a> derive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distinction from BEEV, BSV and BSE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The four key figures of the German energy balance have a hierarchical relationship to one another and are frequently confused. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Key figure<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Designation<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Reference<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PEV<\/td><td>primary energy consumption<\/td><td>Total energy input before transformation, all sectors and energy carriers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BEEV<\/td><td>gross final energy consumption<\/td><td>Energy that actually reaches consumers (industry, transport, households, commerce, trade, and services), incl. energy-related self-consumption<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BSV<\/td><td>gross electricity consumption<\/td><td>Electricity sector exclusively: Total generated and imported electricity before grid and conversion losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BSE<\/td><td>gross electricity generation<\/td><td>Exclusively the electricity sector: domestically generated electricity volume (power plants, renewable energy systems), before self-consumption by the power plants<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A detailed comparison with calculation logic and sample data can be found in the article on <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/energy-balance-germany-pev-beev-bsv-bse-at-a-glance\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"34134\">Energy balance of Germany<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Development of primary energy consumption in Germany<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The PEV has been since the mid-2000s <strong>structurally declining<\/strong>. Main drivers are the structural economic shift toward less energy-intensive production, increases in energy efficiency, the growing share of renewable energies (with the methodological bonus effect described above), and\u2014in the short term\u2014economic weakness and weather conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Year<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>PEV in TWh<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>PEV in PJ<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Note<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1990<\/td><td>approx. 4,140<\/td><td>14.905<\/td><td>All-time high<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2008<\/td><td>approx. 3,890<\/td><td>14.003<\/td><td>Base year for the 2030 EnEfG target<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2017<\/td><td>approx. 3,764<\/td><td>13.550<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2023<\/td><td>approx. 2,982<\/td><td>10.735<\/td><td>Historic low due to decline in industrial production and high energy prices<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2024<\/td><td>approx. 2,925<\/td><td>10.529<\/td><td>-1.2 % compared to 2023<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2025<\/td><td>approx. 2,931<\/td><td>10.553<\/td><td>Preliminary AGEB estimate (as of Dec. 18, 2025), -0.1 % compared to 2024<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"458\" src=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/PEV-in-TWh-1024x458.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-34140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/PEV-in-TWh-1024x458.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/PEV-in-TWh-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/PEV-in-TWh-767x343.jpg 767w, https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/PEV-in-TWh-300x134.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/PEV-in-TWh.jpg 1303w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Noteworthy: The decline between 2022 and 2023 (approximately -8 %) was primarily due to economic factors\u2014energy-intensive industries significantly scaled back their production in response to high energy prices. In 2024 and 2025, however, the trend slowed considerably and stabilized near the 2,930 TWh mark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The energy mix in 2024 looks as follows: Petroleum remains the largest single component at approximately 36 %, followed by natural gas (approx. 26 %). Lignite and bituminous coal each account for around 7\u20138 %. Nuclear energy has not contributed to the PEV since the final shutdown on April 15, 2023; the share of renewable energy is rising steadily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Regulatory framework: The 2030 EnEfG target<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the Energy Efficiency Act (EnEfG), which came into force in 2023, the legislator has legally stipulated that the primary energy consumption (PEV) <strong>by 39.3 % below the 2008 level by 2030<\/strong> (approximately 3,890 TWh)\u2014which would correspond to a target of about 2,360 TWh. However, the Federal Environment Agency\u2019s \u201cGreenhouse Gas Projections 2026\u201d conclude that even if all currently planned measures were implemented, the PEV 2030 would only decrease to about 2,722 TWh (9,800 PJ). This represents a decrease of only about 32 % compared to 2008. The projection report on the <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/germany-will-miss-2030-climate-targets-for-esr-by-255-million-tons-of-co%e2%82%82\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"31874\">Climate targets 2030<\/a> Consequently, Germany will also miss the ESR targets by 255 million tons of CO\u2082.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Classification: What the PEV decline means for companies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A falling primary energy consumption is not the same as a falling electricity demand. The opposite is rather true: due to the ongoing electrification of heat, mobility, and industrial processes (heat pumps, e-mobility, power-to-X), the share of electricity in the energy system is likely to increase. This also applies if total primary energy consumption continues to fall due to methodological reasons. For companies, this means rather that stable and predictable access to electricity is becoming more important. In-house PV power generation and backup through battery storage systems ensure this regardless of how the overall primary energy balance develops. How this shift is specifically reflected in gross electricity consumption is covered in the article on <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/gross-electricity-consumption-gec-in-germany\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"34154\">Gross electricity consumption<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>What is the difference between primary energy consumption and final energy consumption?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primary energy consumption measures the energy content of all energy sources used prior to any conversion. Final energy consumption (or gross final energy consumption, GFEC), on the other hand, reflects only the amount of energy that actually reaches consumers after the deduction of conversion and transmission losses\u2014and is therefore always lower than primary energy consumption.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Why is primary energy consumption decreasing even though more electricity is being consumed?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is due to AGEB\u2019s calculation methodology: Electricity from wind, hydro, and solar photovoltaic sources is assumed to have no conversion losses (100 % efficiency), while fossil-fuel power plants have losses of 35\u201345 %. When renewable generation replaces fossil fuel power plant capacity, the PEV decreases disproportionately in theoretical terms\u2014even if actual electricity demand remains the same or increases.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>What was the primary energy consumption in Germany in 2025?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the latest estimate by AG Energiebilanzen (as of December 18, 2025), the PEV for 2025 was approximately 2,931 TWh (10,553 petajoules) \u2014virtually unchanged from 2024 (-0.1 %).<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Who collects the figures for primary energy consumption?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Working Group on Energy Balances (AGEB) publishes a preliminary December estimate annually, followed by the final annual report in the spring of the following year. For renewable energies, the Working Group on Renewable Energy Statistics (AGEE-Stat) also provides data.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Will Germany reach its 2030 PEV target?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to current estimates by the Federal Environment Agency (Greenhouse Gas Projections 2025), the legally mandated target of a 39.3 % reduction compared to 2008 is unlikely to be achieved with the measures adopted so far; the projection is for a reduction of approximately 32 %.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It has fallen significantly in Germany since 1990, but has recently stagnated at around 2,930 TWh. This overview shows what is behind the metric, how it is calculated, and why the statutory 2030 target is at risk despite falling energy consumption.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":395,"featured_media":34148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grundlagen-technik"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Prim\u00e4renergieverbrauch (PEV) in Deutschland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Prim\u00e4renergieverbrauch (PEV) in Deutschland: aktuelle Zahlen 2025, Definition, Entwicklung seit 1990 und das EnEfG-Ziel 2030 einfach erkl\u00e4rt.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/primary-energy-consumption-pec-in-germany\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Prim\u00e4renergieverbrauch (PEV) in Deutschland\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Prim\u00e4renergieverbrauch (PEV) in Deutschland: aktuelle Zahlen 2025, Definition, Entwicklung seit 1990 und das EnEfG-Ziel 2030 einfach erkl\u00e4rt.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/en\/primary-energy-consumption-pec-in-germany\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CUBE CONCEPTS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-01T08:09:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-24T12:09:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Primaerenergieverbrauch-PEV-Deutschland-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Guido Steenmans\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Guido Steenmans\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cubeconcepts.de\\\/primaerenergieverbrauch-pev-in-deutschland\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cubeconcepts.de\\\/primaerenergieverbrauch-pev-in-deutschland\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Guido Steenmans\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cubeconcepts.de\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9d8ffb34475944b864e3f4c32e91eb18\"},\"headline\":\"Prim\u00e4renergieverbrauch (PEV) in Deutschland: Definition, aktuelle Zahlen &amp; 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