{"id":37959,"date":"2026-11-05T09:35:43","date_gmt":"2026-11-05T08:35:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/?p=37959"},"modified":"2026-11-05T09:36:17","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T08:36:17","slug":"distribucni-provozovatele-vnb-v-nemecku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/","title":{"rendered":"Provozovatel\u00e9 distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b (VNB) v N\u011bmecku \u2013 povinnosti, funkce a struktura"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"P\u0159epnout do obsahu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #222222;color:#222222\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #222222;color:#222222\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#verteilnetzbetreiber-im-uberblick-rolle-im-stromnetz\" >Provozovatel\u00e9 distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed \u2013 p\u0159ehled funkc\u00ed v energetick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#kurzuberblick\" >Stru\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ehled<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#was-ist-ein-verteilnetzbetreiber\" >Co je provozovatel distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#spannungsebenen-im-verteilnetz\" >Nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b v distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#aufgaben-der-verteilnetzbetreiber\" >\u00dakoly provozovatel\u016f distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#betrieb-wartung-und-ausbau-des-verteilnetzes\" >Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed, \u00fadr\u017eba a rozvoj distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#netzanschluss-und-netzzugang\" >S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edstup k s\u00edti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#engpassmanagement-redispatch-20-und-einspeisemanagement\" >\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed omezen\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek: Redispatch 2.0 a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvodu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#netzpaket-kapazitatslimitierte-netzgebiete-und-redispatch-vorbehalt\" >Sie\u0165ov\u00e1 bal\u00ed\u010dka: S\u00edt\u011b s omezenou kapacitou a p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 rezervace pro redispatch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#messstellenbetrieb-und-marktkommunikation\" >Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a komunikace s trhem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#netzentgelte-erheben-und-netzanschluss-steuerbarer-verbraucher-regeln\" >Zarov\u00e1vat poplatky za elekt\u0159inu a regulovat p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti pro spot\u0159ebitele s ovladatelnou spot\u0159ebou<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#vnb-in-deutschland-anzahl-und-struktur\" >VNB v N\u011bmecku: po\u010det a struktura<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#auffalligkeiten-der-deutschen-vnb-struktur\" >Zvraty v struktu\u0159e n\u011bmeck\u00e9 VNB<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#rechtlicher-und-regulatorischer-rahmen-fur-verteilnetzbetreiber\" >Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a regula\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro provozovatele distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#energiewirtschaftsgesetz-enwg-und-europaisches-recht\" >Z\u00e1kon o energetick\u00e9m hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed (EnWG) a evropsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#anreizregulierung-der-verteilnetzbetreiber\" >Regulace n\u00e1klad\u016f provozovatel\u016f distribu\u010dn\u00ed soustavy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#zustandige-behorden\" >Prudk\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed cen energi\u00ed v posledn\u00edch letech vedlo k prudk\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu cen energi\u00ed v Evrop\u011b a v USA.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#entflechtung-unbundling\" >Rozd\u011blen\u00ed (Unbundling)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#konzessionsvertrage\" >Konzesn\u00ed smlouvy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#herausforderungen-fur-verteilnetzbetreiber\" >V\u00fdzvy pro provozovatele distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#dezentrale-einspeisung-und-ruckspeisung\" >Dezentraln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvod a zp\u011btn\u00e9 p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#neue-lasten-der-elektrifizierung\" >Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy elektrifikace<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#hohe-investitionsbedarfe\" >Velk\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed pot\u0159eby<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#netzanschlussstau-bei-batteriespeichern\" >Probl\u00e9m s p\u0159ipojen\u00edm bateri\u00ed k s\u00edti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#digitalisierung-und-cybersicherheit\" >Digitalizace a kybernetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#vnbs-als-lokale-ansprechpartner-fur-energieprojekte\" >VNB jako m\u00edstn\u00ed kontaktn\u00ed jednotky pro energetick\u00e9 projekty<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#unb-und-vnb-im-vergleich\" >\u00dcNB a VNB v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#faq\" >\u010cast\u00e9 dotazy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/verteilnetzbetreiber-vnb-in-deutschland\/#quellen\" >Zdroje<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"verteilnetzbetreiber-im-uberblick-rolle-im-stromnetz\"><\/span>Provozovatel\u00e9 distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed \u2013 p\u0159ehled funkc\u00ed v energetick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud provozovatel\u00e9 p\u0159enosov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed provozuj\u00ed \u201ed\u00e1lnice proudu\u201c, jsou provozovatel\u00e9 distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed odpov\u011bdn\u00ed za pozemn\u00ed komunikace a m\u00edstn\u00ed silnice. Do jejich s\u00edt\u00ed jsou p\u0159ipojeny dom\u00e1cnosti, obchodn\u00ed podniky a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako fotovoltaick\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, v\u011btrn\u00e9 farmy a bateriov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Energetick\u00e1 transformace z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00ed roli. Zhruba nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na v\u00fdrobu obnoviteln\u00fdch energi\u00ed nen\u00ed nap\u00e1jena do nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, ale do distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed d\u00edky tepeln\u00fdm \u010derpadl\u016fm, nab\u00edjec\u00edm infrastruktur\u00e1m a nov\u00fdm velk\u00fdm spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm. Z p\u0159edchoz\u00edho s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edve distribuovala energii pouze v jednom sm\u011bru, tak vznik\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed vyrovn\u00e1vat v\u00fdrobu, spot\u0159ebu i ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed energie ve dvou sm\u011brech. Kdo si chce realizovat projekt fotovoltaiky nebo akumul\u00e1torov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, mus\u00ed proto obvykle jednat s provozovatelem distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"kurzuberblick\"><\/span>Stru\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ehled<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Definice:<\/strong> Provozovatel\u00e9 distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed provozuj\u00ed, udr\u017euj\u00ed a roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b vysok\u00e9ho, st\u0159edn\u00edho a n\u00edzk\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a distribuuj\u00ed tak energii koncov\u00fdm spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Po\u010det:<\/strong> V N\u011bmecku existuje 846 provozovatel\u016f p\u0159epravn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed (k z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2026), ale pouze \u010dty\u0159i provozovatel\u00e9 p\u0159epravn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u00e9lka s\u00ed\u0165oviny:<\/strong> Distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b zahrnuj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,8 milionu kilometr\u016f elektrick\u00fdch veden\u00ed, z toho p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dv\u011b t\u0159etiny v n\u00edzk\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed \u00fakoly:<\/strong> S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 provozovatelnost a rozvoj s\u00edt\u011b, p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti a p\u0159\u00edstup k s\u00edti, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (Redispatch 2.0), provozov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch stanic a marketingov\u00e1 komunikace.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regulace:<\/strong> Tarify za provozov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed v r\u00e1mci VNB podl\u00e9haj\u00ed regulaci pomoc\u00ed pob\u00eddek. Povinnost\u00ed jsou Bundesnetzagentur nebo region\u00e1ln\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Relevantn\u00ed pro podniky:<\/strong> VNB rozhoduje o poskytnut\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti, m\u00edst\u011b p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch p\u0159ipojen\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a bateriov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"was-ist-ein-verteilnetzbetreiber\"><\/span>Co je provozovatel distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podle z\u00e1kona o energetick\u00e9m hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed (EnWG) je provozovatel distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b podnik, kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za provoz, \u00fadr\u017ebu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b rozvoj distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b elekt\u0159iny. Ka\u017ed\u00fd provozovatel distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b provozuje sv\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b v r\u00e1mci jednoho z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f: <strong>ur\u010den\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 oblast<\/strong>. Proto\u017ee by to z ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska nebylo logick\u00e9 postavit n\u011bkolik paraleln\u00edch energetick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, jedn\u00e1 se o takzvanou <strong>pr\u00edrodn\u00ed monopol<\/strong>. Proto je VNB pod p\u0159\u00edsnou regulac\u00ed a mus\u00ed v\u0161em u\u017eivatel\u016fm s\u00edt\u011b poskytovat bez diskriminace p\u0159\u00edstup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"spannungsebenen-im-verteilnetz\"><\/span>Nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b v distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u011bmeck\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 veden\u00ed je celkov\u011b rozd\u011bleno do \u010dty\u0159 hlavn\u00edch nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00ed. Distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 <strong>t\u0159i \u00farovn\u011b nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> odpojiteln\u00e9, kter\u00e9 jsou propojeny mezi sebou p\u0159es rozvodny a m\u00edstn\u00ed rozvodn\u00ed stanice:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Provozovatel<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 vrstva<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Typick\u00e9 konektory<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>D\u00e9lka proudu (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Provozovatel p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy<\/td><td>Vysok\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td><td>220 \/ 380 kV<\/td><td>Velk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, v\u011btrn\u00e9 parky na mo\u0159i a p\u0159enos do evropsk\u00e9 soustavy<\/td><td>39 000 km<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Distribu\u010dn\u00ed provozovatel p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy<\/td><td>Vysok\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td><td><br>Typicky 110 kV<\/td><td><br>Velk\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 podniky, velk\u00e9 v\u011btrn\u00e9 a sol\u00e1rn\u00ed parky, velk\u00e9 bateriov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b<\/td><td>94 000 km<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Distribu\u010dn\u00ed provozovatel p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy<\/td><td>St\u0159edn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td><td>Typicky 10\u201330 kV<\/td><td>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 a obchodn\u00ed podniky, nemocnice, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, bateriov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b<\/td><td>520 000 km<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Distribu\u010dn\u00ed provozovatel p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy<\/td><td>N\u00edzk\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td><td>230 \/ 400 V<\/td><td>Dom\u00e1cnosti, drobn\u00e9 podniky, sol\u00e1rn\u00ed st\u0159echy, wallboxy, tepeln\u00e9 \u010derpadla<\/td><td>1 190 000 km<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00edzk\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dv\u011b t\u0159etiny celkov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky s\u00edt\u011b. Je to \u00farove\u0148 \u201ejemn\u00e9 distribuce\u201c. V oblasti st\u0159edn\u00edho a vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed jsou pak p\u0159ipojeny pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 podniky, pr\u016fmysl a velkopodnikov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"aufgaben-der-verteilnetzbetreiber\"><\/span>\u00dakoly provozovatel\u016f distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"betrieb-wartung-und-ausbau-des-verteilnetzes\"><\/span>Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed, \u00fadr\u017eba a rozvoj distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hlavn\u00ed \u00fakolem je vytvo\u0159it s\u00ed\u0165 <strong>Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, spolehliv\u00e9 a v\u00fdkonn\u00e9<\/strong> K tomu pat\u0159\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, \u00fadr\u017eba veden\u00ed, kabel\u016f, transform\u00e1tor\u016f a rozvodn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m provozu. Kdykoli se s\u00ed\u0165 dostane do sv\u00fdch mez\u00ed, mus\u00ed VNB optimalizovat, posilovat a roz\u0161i\u0159ovat ji podle pot\u0159eb. Ka\u017ed\u00fd VNB m\u00e1 z\u00e1rove\u0148 na starosti <strong>Zodpov\u011bdnost za stabilitu vlastn\u00edho s\u00edt\u011b<\/strong>. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hroz\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nebo probl\u00e9m\u016f s nap\u011bt\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee a mus\u00ed zas\u00e1hnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"netzanschluss-und-netzzugang\"><\/span>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edstup k s\u00edti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Provozovatel\u00e9 distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed jsou povinni poskytovat slu\u017eby spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm a v\u00fdrobc\u016fm ve sv\u00e9m distribu\u010dn\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed. <strong>P\u0159ipojit<\/strong> a v\u0161em u\u017eivatel\u016fm s\u00edt\u011b <strong>Bez diskriminace p\u0159\u00edstup<\/strong> P\u0159iznat p\u0159\u00edstup k s\u00edti. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u0161ech odb\u011bratel\u016f od rodinn\u00e9ho domu s tepelnou \u010derpadlem p\u0159es pr\u016fmyslovou budovu s fotovoltaickou instalac\u00ed a\u017e po pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd podnik nebo bateriov\u00fd sklad v centr\u00e1ln\u00ed distribu\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V praxi se p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0159\u00edd\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm postupem: P\u0159ipojen\u00ed poskytovatele poskytuje p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti. <strong>Po\u017eadavek na p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti<\/strong> s technick\u00fdmi daty. VNB vede <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/overeni-sitove-kompatibility-pro-rozsahle-fotovoltaicke-instalace\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"14765\">Posouzen\u00ed p\u0159ipojitelnosti k s\u00edti<\/a> definuje konec a p\u0159ipojovac\u00ed v\u00fdkon. Pot\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduje souhlas s p\u0159ipojen\u00edm k s\u00edti a smlouva o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti, ve kter\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 uvedeny poplatky, jako je poplatek za <strong>Dotace na v\u00fdstavbu<\/strong> Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161eny. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nejde pouze o formul\u00e1\u0159ov\u00fd proces. Bod p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edkon, \u010dasov\u00fd pl\u00e1n a podm\u00ednky p\u0159ipojen\u00ed jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. K tomu st\u00e1le v\u00edce pat\u0159\u00ed ot\u00e1zka, zda p\u0159ipojen\u00ed s pln\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem bude mo\u017en\u00e9 kdykoli nebo s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi omezen\u00edmi v r\u00e1mci smlouvy o dod\u00e1vce elekt\u0159iny. <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/flexibilni-pripojovaci-dohody-fcas-flexibilni-pripojeni-siti-kratce-vysvetleno\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"28160\">Flexibiln\u00ed smlouva o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed<\/a> (FCA) je k dispozici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"engpassmanagement-redispatch-20-und-einspeisemanagement\"><\/span>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed omezen\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek: Redispatch 2.0 a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvodu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Od 1. \u0159\u00edjna 2021 plat\u00ed takzvan\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/redispecink-2-0-a-fotovoltaicke-systemy\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"6431\">Redispatch 2.0<\/a>. N\u00e1stupem tohoto syst\u00e9mu byl ukon\u010den star\u00fd syst\u00e9m distribu\u010dn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a nyn\u00ed aktivn\u011b spolupracuje jak s provozovateli p\u0159enosov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, tak i s provozovateli distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. Od t\u00e9 doby jsou zahrnuty <strong>V\u00fdrobn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tepeln\u00e1 \u010derpadla a akumul\u00e1tory od 100 kW<\/strong> a tak\u00e9 men\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pokud mohou b\u00fdt ovl\u00e1dan\u00e1 od d\u00e1lky provozovatelem s\u00edt\u011b. D\u0159\u00edve se syst\u00e9m Redispatch t\u00fdkal pouze konven\u010dn\u00edch velkorozvodn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren o v\u00fdkonu 10 MW a v\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro provozovatele distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt je to znamen\u00edm: Mus\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00eddat p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, koordinovat sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a optimalizovat provoz. <strong>bilanci\u00e1ln\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> Zpracovat. Provozovatel\u00e9, jejich\u017e za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou uzam\u010dena, dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed za to od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee p\u0159es 90 % za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie je p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch k distribu\u010dn\u00edm s\u00edt\u00edm. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st probl\u00e9m\u016f vznik\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b tam a proto se i tam \u0159e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"netzpaket-kapazitatslimitierte-netzgebiete-und-redispatch-vorbehalt\"><\/span>Sie\u0165ov\u00e1 bal\u00ed\u010dka: S\u00edt\u011b s omezenou kapacitou a p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 rezervace pro redispatch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00edt\u011bm pak chce vl\u00e1da p\u0159en\u00e9st novou povinnost na provozovatele distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed: maj\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovat <strong>oblasti s omezenou kapacitou s\u00edt\u011b<\/strong> m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt vyd\u00e1ny. P\u0159edpokladem by m\u011blo b\u00fdt, \u017ee v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm roce bylo vyd\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e <strong>3 %<\/strong> mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159eb\u00edjen\u00ed bylo nutn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it kv\u016fli p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. V t\u011bchto oblastech plat\u00ed <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/co-je-vyhrada-redispecinku\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"27215\">v\u00fdhrada redispe\u010dinku<\/a><\/strong>. Tento p\u0159edpis stanov\u00ed, \u017ee nov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00edskaj\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edvod energie, ale v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b regulace podle podm\u00ednek trhu nedost\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1hradu za \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdroby (a\u017e 20 %). Tento v\u00fdhrada je \u010dasov\u011b omezen\u00e1 a podle n\u00e1vrhu vl\u00e1dy na \u0161est let s mo\u017enost\u00ed prodlou\u017een\u00ed. Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu n\u00e1vrhu vl\u00e1dy se t\u00fdk\u00e1 nov\u00fdch fotovoltaick\u00fdch ploch a v\u011btrn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren na pevnine, ale ne bateriov\u00fdch z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u011bmeck\u00fd Bundestag m\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b v listopadu 2026 schv\u00e1lit tato sporn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Pro VNB by to bylo dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fakol v oblasti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, a to vyhodnotit a ozna\u010dit oblasti s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"messstellenbetrieb-und-marktkommunikation\"><\/span>Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a komunikace s trhem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podle z\u00e1kona o provozov\u00e1n\u00ed stanic m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je prvn\u00edm provozovatelem s\u00edt\u011b provozovatel s\u00edt\u011b. <strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed provozovatel m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch stanic<\/strong>. Instaluje a provozuje \u010d\u00edta\u010de a inteligentn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed syst\u00e9my, pokud u\u017eivatel p\u0159ipojen\u00ed nep\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 veden\u00ed jin\u00e9ho provozovatele m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch stanic. K tomu p\u0159istupuje <strong>Marketingov\u00e1 komunikace<\/strong>. Spr\u00e1vci distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed spravuj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fadaje o uzem\u0148ovac\u00edch body, prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu dodavatel\u016f, poskytuj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed \u00fadaje a \u00fa\u010dtuj\u00ed provoz s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s dodavateli elekt\u0159iny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"netzentgelte-erheben-und-netzanschluss-steuerbarer-verbraucher-regeln\"><\/span>Zarov\u00e1vat poplatky za elekt\u0159inu a regulovat p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti pro spot\u0159ebitele s ovladatelnou spot\u0159ebou<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e1klady na provozov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b financuje VNB prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <strong>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 poplatky<\/strong>, kterou ka\u017ed\u00fd u\u017eivatel s\u00edt\u011b plat\u00ed z jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed bilance. Od 1. ledna 2024 tak\u00e9 upravuje <strong>\u00a7 14a EnWG<\/strong> \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed tepeln\u00fdch \u010derpadel, wallbox\u016f, klimatiza\u010dn\u00edch jednotek a podobn\u00fdch ovladateln\u00fdch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f v n\u00edzk\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00edm. VNB m\u016f\u017ee do\u010dasn\u011b omezit jejich p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hroz\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Na opl\u00e1tku dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed provozovatel\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 poplatky za elekt\u0159inu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vnb-in-deutschland-anzahl-und-struktur\"><\/span>VNB v N\u011bmecku: po\u010det a struktura<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159enosov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 provozuj\u00ed pouze \u010dty\u0159i spole\u010dnosti, je rozvodn\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 siln\u011b koncentrovan\u00e1. <strong>fragmentovan\u00fd<\/strong>. Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b <strong>846 provozovatel\u00e9 distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<\/strong> v N\u011bmecku (stav: z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2026). Agentura Bundesnetzagentur v roce 2025 celkem zapsala 851 provozovatel\u016f elektrick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, z toho \u010dty\u0159i <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/operatori-prenosovych-siti-v-nemecku-ukoly-funkce\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"24680\">Oper\u00e1tor p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy<\/a>. V roce 2015 to bylo je\u0161t\u011b kolem 880 VNB. Tento po\u010det pomalu kles\u00e1, nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u00edky slou\u010den\u00edm a p\u0159evod\u016fm konces\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">VNB lze stru\u010dn\u011b rozd\u011blit do t\u0159\u00ed skupin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u00edt\u011b velk\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch koncern\u016f<\/strong> jako provozovatel\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b skupiny E.ON nebo spole\u010dnost Netze BW, kter\u00e1 je dce\u0159inou spole\u010dnost\u00ed EnBW. Spole\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed \u010dasto velk\u00e9, propojen\u00e9 oblasti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Komun\u00e1ln\u00ed provozovatel\u00e9 s\u00edt\u00ed a m\u011bstsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti<\/strong>, nap\u0159\u00edklad Stromnetz Berlin nebo EAM Netz, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto obsluhuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 oblasti nebo regiony.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mal\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed provozovatel\u00e9 s\u00edt\u00ed<\/strong>, To zahrnuje dru\u017estva a mal\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed pouze n\u011bkolik obc\u00ed nebo jednotliv\u00e9 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 jednotky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hodnocen\u00ed podle spolkov\u00fdch zem\u00ed ukazuje, jak velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl existuje. Rozm\u011brov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy se odv\u00edjej\u00ed od velikosti s\u00edt\u011b, tedy maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nebo instalovan\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnost v oblasti s\u00edt\u011b dan\u00e9ho VNB:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>spolkov\u00e1 zem\u011b<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Po\u010det VNB<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>z toho<\/strong> <strong>v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 GW<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>z toho<\/strong> <strong>100\u20131000 MW<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>z toho<\/strong> <strong>10\u2013100 MW<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>z toho<\/strong> <strong>m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 10 MW<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B\u00e1densko-W\u00fcrttembersko<\/td><td>119<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>85<\/td><td>14<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bavorsko<\/td><td>228<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>21<\/td><td>136<\/td><td>67<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Berl\u00edn<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>1<\/td><td><\/td><td>2<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Braniborsko<\/td><td>29<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>26<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Br\u00e9my<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hamburk<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>1<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hesensko<\/td><td>57<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>31<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Meklenbursko-P\u0159edn\u00ed Pomo\u0159ansko<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Doln\u00ed Sasko<\/td><td>66<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>39<\/td><td>10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Severn\u00ed Por\u00fdn\u00ed-Vestf\u00e1lsko<\/td><td>110<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>38<\/td><td>59<\/td><td>7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rheinland-Falc<\/td><td>50<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>19<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Saarsk\u00fd kraj<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sasko<\/td><td>36<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>31<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sasko-Anhaltsko<\/td><td>31<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0160lesvicko-Hol\u0161t\u00fdnsko<\/td><td>42<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>26<\/td><td>11<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Durynsko<\/td><td>31<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>VNB celkem<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>846<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>29<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>139<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>532<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>150<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"auffalligkeiten-der-deutschen-vnb-struktur\"><\/span>Zvraty v struktu\u0159e n\u011bmeck\u00e9 VNB<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>V\u011bt\u0161ina VNB je mal\u00e1 a\u017e st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e1.<\/strong> 532 z 846 provozovatel\u016f (asi 63 procent) pat\u0159\u00ed do t\u0159\u00eddy 10\u2013100 MW. Dal\u0161\u00edch 150 provozovatel\u016f (asi 18 procent) m\u00e1 v\u00fdkon ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10 MW. Pouze 29 provozovatel\u016f distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u00fdkon v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1 GW.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Provozovatel\u00e9 se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/strong> Bayern (228), Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg (119) a Severn\u00ed Por\u00fdn\u00ed-Vestf\u00e1lsko (110) dohromady p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zhruba 54 procent v\u0161ech VNB. V samotn\u00e9m Bavorsku existuje 67 velmi mal\u00fdch provozovatel\u016f s\u00edt\u00ed s v\u00fdkonem pod 10 MW.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Velk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch regionech.<\/strong> Nordrhein-Westfalen m\u00e1 s 44 VNB o v\u00fdkonu p\u0159es 100 MW nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det velk\u00fdch provozovatel\u016f, n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n Bavorskem (25) a B\u00e1densko-W\u00fcrttemberskem (20). V m\u011bstsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech Berl\u00edn a Hamburk v\u0161ak zaji\u0161\u0165uje celou m\u011bsto pouze jeden velk\u00fd VNB.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro praxi to znamen\u00e1 r\u016fznorodost: <strong>Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u201ejedin\u00fd\u201c provozovatel distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.<\/strong> Procesy p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti, kontaktn\u00ed osoby, doby zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a technick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na s\u00edti od s\u00edt\u011b k s\u00edti, a to n\u011bkdy i v\u00fdrazn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rechtlicher-und-regulatorischer-rahmen-fur-verteilnetzbetreiber\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a regula\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro provozovatele distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Provozov\u00e1n\u00ed distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b regulov\u00e1no. Zde jsou nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"energiewirtschaftsgesetz-enwg-und-europaisches-recht\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kon o energetick\u00e9m hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed (EnWG) a evropsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EnWG stanovuje pr\u00e1va a povinnosti provozovatel\u016f s\u00edt\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b povinnosti p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edstupu k s\u00edti, rozvoje s\u00edt\u00ed a odpov\u011bdnosti za syst\u00e9m v r\u00e1mci vlastn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Evropskou z\u00e1kladnou jsou p\u0159edpisy bal\u00ed\u010dku vnit\u0159n\u00edho trhu, zejm\u00e9na Sm\u011brnice o vnit\u0159n\u00edm trhu s elekt\u0159inou, kter\u00e1 tak\u00e9 popisuje povinnosti provozovatel\u016f rozvodn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"anreizregulierung-der-verteilnetzbetreiber\"><\/span>Regulace n\u00e1klad\u016f provozovatel\u016f distribu\u010dn\u00ed soustavy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tarify za provozov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b spole\u010dnosti VNB nejsou voln\u011b kalkulovateln\u00e9. V r\u00e1mci regulace pob\u00eddek p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd org\u00e1n stanov\u00ed pro v\u00edcelet\u00e9 regula\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed: <strong>Meziro\u010dn\u00ed r\u016fst p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f<\/strong> Toto ur\u010duje, kolik p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f m\u016f\u017ee provozovatel s\u00edt\u011b z\u00edskat z poplatk\u016f za vyu\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Porovn\u00e1n\u00edm efektivnosti by m\u011bly vzniknout pob\u00eddky k provozov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b co nejefektivn\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"zustandige-behorden\"><\/span>Prudk\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed cen energi\u00ed v posledn\u00edch letech vedlo k prudk\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu cen energi\u00ed v Evrop\u011b a v USA.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro provozovatele distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed s v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 000 p\u0159ipojen\u00fdmi z\u00e1kazn\u00edky nebo s\u00edt\u011bmi p\u0159es hranice st\u00e1t\u016f je tato norma <strong>Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 agentura<\/strong> odpov\u011bdn\u00fd. Pro men\u0161\u00ed provozovatele, jejich\u017e s\u00ed\u0165 le\u017e\u00ed v r\u00e1mci jednoho spolkov\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed <strong>Region\u00e1ln\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny<\/strong> dohled. To je jeden z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se regula\u010dn\u00ed praxe m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it region\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"entflechtung-unbundling\"><\/span>Rozd\u011blen\u00ed (Unbundling)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stejn\u011b jako u provozovatel\u016f p\u0159enosov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed mus\u00ed i VNB odd\u011blit provozov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdrobu nebo distribuci elekt\u0159iny. To je povinn\u00e9, aby provozovatel\u00e9 s\u00edt\u00ed nemohli vyu\u017e\u00edvat sv\u00e9 postaven\u00ed na \u00fakor sout\u011b\u017ee. Pro mal\u00e9 distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b s <strong>m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 100 000 p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong> V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b plat\u00ed uleh\u010den\u00ed (tzv. re\u017eim de-minimis). Nemus\u00edte pln\u011b prov\u00e9st pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a provozn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed. Proto jsou mnoho provozovatel\u016f s\u00edt\u00ed nad\u00e1le sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho podniku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"konzessionsvertrage\"><\/span>Konzesn\u00ed smlouvy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obce poskytuj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo vyu\u017e\u00edvat ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 dopravn\u00ed cesty pro veden\u00ed kabel\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm smlouvy o koncesi provozovateli s\u00edt\u011b. D\u00e9lka platnosti je omezena maxim\u00e1ln\u011b na 20 let. Pot\u00e9 mus\u00ed koncese b\u00fdt znovu vyd\u00e1na. To z\u010d\u00e1sti vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se oblasti s\u00edt\u011b st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed mezi provozovateli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"herausforderungen-fur-verteilnetzbetreiber\"><\/span>V\u00fdzvy pro provozovatele distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e1lokter \u00fasek energetick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu se m\u011bn\u00ed tak v\u00fdrazn\u011b jako distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165. Spole\u010dn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed n\u011bkolik v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch trend\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"dezentrale-einspeisung-und-ruckspeisung\"><\/span>Dezentraln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvod a zp\u011btn\u00e9 p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Miliony fotovoltaick\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, v\u011btrn\u00fdch park\u016f a st\u00e1le v\u00edce bateriov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed elekt\u0159inu p\u0159\u00edmo do distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. S\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 byly p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017eeny pro tok proudu zevnit\u0159 ven, mus\u00ed nyn\u00ed zvl\u00e1dat i opa\u010dn\u00fd sm\u011br. To vy\u017eaduje pos\u00edlen\u00ed, v\u00fdstavbu a v\u00fdrazn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed sledovatelnost, zejm\u00e9na v n\u00edzk\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"neue-lasten-der-elektrifizierung\"><\/span>Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy elektrifikace<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tepeln\u00e9 \u010derpadla, elektromobily, datov\u00e1 centra a elektrifikovan\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 procesy zvy\u0161uj\u00ed po\u017eadavky na s\u00edt\u011b. N\u00e1stroje jako \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podle \u00a7 14a EnWG maj\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u011b zkomplikovaly rozvoj s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"hohe-investitionsbedarfe\"><\/span>Velk\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed pot\u0159eby<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podle progn\u00f3z \u010din\u00ed celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na nutn\u00fd rozvoj distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt kolem <strong>301 miliard eur<\/strong> Do roku 2045 ji\u017e nejsou k dispozici. Tyto n\u00e1klady v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed poplatky za p\u0159epravu a jsou kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed debaty o reform\u011b syst\u00e9mu poplatk\u016f za p\u0159epravu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"netzanschlussstau-bei-batteriespeichern\"><\/span>Probl\u00e9m s p\u0159ipojen\u00edm bateri\u00ed k s\u00edti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b se zvy\u0161uje zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v oblasti \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o velk\u00e9 bateriov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. Podle anal\u00fdzy Agentury pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b v roce 2025 p\u0159i\u0161lo k p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 17 800 \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti pro bateriov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b s celkovou kapacitou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 407 gigawatt\u016f. P\u0159ipraveno bylo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 900 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed s kapacitou v\u00edce ne\u017e 27 gigawatt\u016f. Jeden p\u0159\u00edklad tento nesrovnalost zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje: v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b s\u00edt\u011b BW je maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed cel\u00e9ho s\u00edt\u011b 7,3 GW. Naopak v oblasti vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed je otev\u0159en\u00fdch v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 GW \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a v oblasti st\u0159edn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed 2,2 GW, z toho v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 % pro bateriov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V reakci na to \u00fa\u0159ady pro ochranu spot\u0159ebitele (\u00dcNB) stanovily pro 1. dubna 2026 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pravidla: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/proces-zralosti-pro-projekty-bess-dorazil-do-distribucnich-soustav\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"33279\">Proces stupn\u011b zralosti<\/a><\/strong> Zavedeno bylo. Nahr\u00e1v\u00e1 star\u0161\u00ed princip Windhundu, podle kter\u00e9ho byly \u017e\u00e1dosti zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1ny pouze podle po\u0159ad\u00ed jejich pod\u00e1n\u00ed, a up\u0159ednost\u0148uje projekty podle jejich pokroku v realizaci. Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed provozovatel\u00e9 distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed se vzd\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Netze BW v srpnu 2026 ozn\u00e1mily vlastn\u00ed postup pro hodnocen\u00ed stavu projektu a tak\u00e9 severon\u011bmeck\u00ed provozovatel\u00e9 distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed (VNEW) usiluj\u00ed o zaveden\u00ed tohoto postupu. <strong>Doklad o realizaci<\/strong> Krom\u011b toho informuj\u00ed o stavu ploch, financov\u00e1n\u00ed a postupu schvalovac\u00edch proces\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed provozovatele sklad\u016f k zapojen\u00ed se do FCAs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"digitalisierung-und-cybersicherheit\"><\/span>Digitalizace a kybernetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inteligentn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed syst\u00e9my, d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdm\u011bna dat \u010din\u00ed provoz s\u00edt\u011b efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 tak\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed oblast \u00fatok\u016f IT na kritickou infrastrukturu. Sjednocen\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f VNB s v\u00fdrobci a spot\u0159ebiteli vy\u017eaduje siln\u00e9 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/kyberneticka-bezpecnost-pro-bess-a-fv-stridace\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"31479\">Kybernetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost<\/a> od rozvodn\u00fdch sk\u0159\u00edn\u011bk a\u017e k ka\u017ed\u00e9mu p\u0159ipojen\u00e9mu m\u011bni\u010du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vnbs-als-lokale-ansprechpartner-fur-energieprojekte\"><\/span>VNB jako m\u00edstn\u00ed kontaktn\u00ed jednotky pro energetick\u00e9 projekty<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro podniky je provozovatel distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b hlavn\u00edm kontaktn\u00edm m\u00edstem v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b probl\u00e9m\u016f s <strong>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, poplatky za s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed <\/strong>a<strong> S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 nap\u00e1jen\u00ed<\/strong> jde o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed pro fotovoltaiku a bateriov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b:<\/strong> Kde a s jakou v\u00fdkonnost\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ipojeno k s\u00edti, rozhoduje VNB po proveden\u00ed jeho zkou\u0161ky slu\u010ditelnosti s\u00edt\u011b. U v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch projekt\u016f jsou \u00faspornost a \u010dasov\u00e1 lh\u016fta pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edmi faktory. Proto je p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako spolehliv\u00e9 dokumenty o stavu zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, ploch a povolen\u00ed. St\u00e1le rostouc\u00ed po\u010det \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed nazna\u010duje, \u017ee d\u016fle\u017eitost potvrzen\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b projektov\u00e9 p\u0159ipravenosti se zvy\u0161uje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 poplatky<\/strong> Poplatek za vyu\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b u dan\u00e9ho podniku z\u00e1vis\u00ed na s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m p\u00e1smu, nap\u011bt\u00ed a v\u00fdkonu, zejm\u00e9na na tom, zda se jedn\u00e1 o ve\u0159ejnou nebo soukromou s\u00ed\u0165. <strong>Ro\u010dn\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/strong> (V\u00fdkonov\u00fd pr\u00edspevok). Mezi 846 s\u00edt\u00ed existuj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly. Agentura Bundesnetzagentur v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b reformuje syst\u00e9m poplatk\u016f za p\u0159epravu elekt\u0159iny pomoc\u00ed tohoto postupu. <strong>AgNes<\/strong>, To plat\u00ed i pro spole\u010dnosti s skladovac\u00edmi a v\u00fdrobn\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Op\u011btovn\u00e9 odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Soustavy o v\u00fdkonu 100 kW se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed programu Redispatch 2.0 a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pro provozovatele s\u00edt\u011b ovladateln\u00e9. Kdo m\u00e1 k tomu poskytnout data a akceptovat \u00fahrady, by to m\u011bl zohlednit v ekonomick\u00e9m posouzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obmedzen\u00ed pro op\u011btovn\u00e9 odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Pokud by se s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 infrastruktura dostala v t\u00e9to podob\u011b, bylo by to zejm\u00e9na relevantn\u00ed u projekt\u016f s pln\u00fdm a velk\u00fdm odb\u011brem v oblasti s omezen\u00fdmi kapacitami. Projekty s vysokou vlastn\u00ed spot\u0159ebou a bateriov\u00fdmi \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti provozovan\u00fdmi v r\u00e1mci distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jsou mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b dot\u010deny. \u00da\u010dinn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 c\u00edlen\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rozvodov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b podle \u00a7 8a EEG.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prostor pro vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> P\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti lze upravit v\u00edc, ne\u017e mnoz\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v m\u00edst\u011b p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, p\u0159i \u00faprav\u011b p\u0159\u00edkonu nebo pomoc\u00ed flexibiln\u00edch smluv o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. CUBE CONCEPTS podporuje spole\u010dnosti v \u017e\u00e1dostech o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti a v jedn\u00e1n\u00edch s provozovatelem distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unb-und-vnb-im-vergleich\"><\/span>\u00dcNB a VNB v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>Oper\u00e1tor p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Provozovatel distribu\u010dn\u00ed soustavy<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Po\u010det v N\u011bmecku<\/td><td>4 (50 Hertz, Amprion, TenneT, TransnetBW)<\/td><td>846 (stav v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2026)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00darove\u0148 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td><td>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed (220 a 380 kV)<\/td><td>Vysok\u00e9, st\u0159edn\u00ed a n\u00edzk\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00dakol<\/td><td>P\u0159enos elekt\u0159iny na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti ve spojen\u00ed s sousedn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi<\/td><td>Distribuce kone\u010dn\u00fdm spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm, p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed decentralizovan\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky energie<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zodpov\u011bdnost<\/td><td>Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost za regula\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3nu, udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed frekvence (50 Hz)<\/td><td>Zodpov\u011bdnost za stabilitu a provoz vlastn\u00edho s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Typick\u00e9 konektory<\/td><td>Velk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, offshore v\u011btrn\u00e9 parky, velc\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9, velk\u00e9 bateriov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b<\/td><td>Dom\u00e1cnosti, podniky, pr\u016fmysl, fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, v\u011btrn\u00e9 parky, bateriov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed pro \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b<\/td><td>Postup hodnocen\u00ed stupn\u011b zralosti od 1. dubna 2026<\/td><td>Jednotliv\u00e9 NVP zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed postupy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Regulace<\/td><td>Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 agentura<\/td><td>Bundesnetzagentur nebo region\u00e1ln\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"faq\"><\/span>\u010cast\u00e9 dotazy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Co je provozovatel distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b (VNB)?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Provozovatel distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b provozuje, udr\u017euje a roz\u0161i\u0159uje elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b vysok\u00e9ho, st\u0159edn\u00edho a n\u00edzk\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a distribuuje tak elekt\u0159inu dom\u00e1cnostem, podnik\u016fm a pr\u016fmyslu. P\u0159ipojuje k s\u00edti spot\u0159ebitele, v\u00fdrobn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a skladovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a poskytuje v\u0161em u\u017eivatel\u016fm s\u00edt\u011b bez diskriminace p\u0159\u00edstup.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Kolik provozovatel\u016f distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b existuje v N\u011bmecku?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed existuje 846 provozovatel\u016f distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed (stav v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2026). Podle Agentury pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b bylo v roce 2025 celkem 851 provozovatel\u016f elektrick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, z toho \u010dty\u0159i provozovatel\u00e9 p\u0159enosov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. Tento po\u010det se m\u00edrn\u011b sni\u017euje; v roce 2015 to bylo je\u0161t\u011b zhruba 880 provozovatel\u016f s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi provozovateli distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a provozovateli p\u0159enosov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Provozovatel\u00e9 p\u0159enosov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b provozuj\u00ed vysokonap\u011b\u0165ovou s\u00ed\u0165, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed energii na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a nesou syst\u00e9movou odpov\u011bdnost za svoji regula\u010dn\u00ed oblast. Provozovatel\u00e9 rozvodn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed provozuj\u00ed n\u00ed\u017ee stoj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a distribuuj\u00ed energii a\u017e k kone\u010dn\u00e9mu odb\u011brateli. V N\u011bmecku existuje \u010dty\u0159i provozovatel\u00e9 p\u0159enosov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, ale pouze 846 distribu\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed s nap\u011bt\u00edm 846 V.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Kdo je m\u016fj provozovatel distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To je provozovatel s\u00edt\u011b, v jej\u00edm\u017e \u00fazem\u00ed se p\u0159ipojen\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od dodavatele elekt\u0159iny jej nelze vybrat. P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd VNB je obvykle uveden na \u00fa\u010dtu za elekt\u0159inu.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Kdo je odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za p\u0159ipojen\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny nebo bateriov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edku k s\u00edti?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je provozovatelem distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b ten, v jeho\u017e \u00fazem\u00ed se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed. Pouze velmi velk\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ipojena k p\u0159enosov\u00e9 s\u00edti, si \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed u provozovatele p\u0159enosov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Mus\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a bateriov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed redispe\u010dingu?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ano, pokud maj\u00ed v\u00fdkon vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 100 kW. Od zaveden\u00ed technologie Redispatch 2.0 dne 1. \u0159\u00edjna 2021 jsou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a akumul\u00e1tory o t\u00e9to velikosti zahrnuty do t\u00e9to oblasti, stejn\u011b jako men\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pokud mohou b\u00fdt ovl\u00e1dan\u00e1 vzd\u00e1len\u011b ze strany provozovatele s\u00edt\u011b. P\u0159i vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed energie obdr\u017e\u00ed provozovatel\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"quellen\"><\/span>Zdroje<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ministerstvo hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed Spolkov\u00e9 republiky N\u011bmecko: \u201eN\u011bmeck\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b\u201c (d\u00e9lka nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00ed)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bundesnetzagentur\/Bundeskartellamt prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Statista: Po\u010det provozovatel\u016f elektrick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed v N\u011bmecku v letech 2015\u20132025<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bundesnetzagentur: Informace o Redispatch 2.0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pv magazine: Reifegradverfahren bei \u00dcbertragungsnetzbetreibern (05.02.2026); Netze BW zav\u00e1d\u00ed reifegradn\u00ed proces (13.08.2026); Norddeutsche VNB prokazuje realizaci (14.08.2026)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cleanthinking.de a ZfK: V\u00fdsledky zpr\u00e1vy Agentury pro elektronickou komunikaci o \u017e\u00e1dostech o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed bateriov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 v roce 2025<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jsou to s\u00edt\u011b vysok\u00e9ho, st\u0159edn\u00edho a n\u00edzk\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed elekt\u0159inu do dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, podnik\u016f a pr\u016fmyslu na posledn\u00edch kilometrech. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek vysv\u011btluje \u00falohy, strukturu a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec s\u00edt\u00ed 846 kV v N\u011bmecku a ukazuje, co to znamen\u00e1 pro firmy s fotovoltaick\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my a bateriov\u00fdm skladov\u00e1n\u00edm energie.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":395,"featured_media":37982,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grundlagen-technik"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Verteilnetzbetreiber (VNB) in Deutschland - Aufgaben &amp; Struktur<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Verteilnetzbetreiber in Deutschland: Aufgaben, Struktur und rechtlicher Rahmen von rund 850 VNB \u2013 inklusive Netzanschluss und Redispatch\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/distribucni-provozovatele-vnb-v-nemecku\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Verteilnetzbetreiber (VNB) in Deutschland - Aufgaben &amp; 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