{"id":32203,"date":"2026-07-22T13:59:23","date_gmt":"2026-07-22T11:59:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/?p=32203"},"modified":"2026-09-24T14:13:21","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T12:13:21","slug":"lulucf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/lulucf\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je LULUCF? Do roku 1830... [Wait, correcting number:] Do roku 2030 m\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy v EU u\u0161et\u0159it 310 milion\u016f tun CO\u2082"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sektor vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy <strong>LULUCF<\/strong> (Vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy, zm\u011bny v vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy a lesnictv\u00ed) je jedin\u00e1 oblast evropsk\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 politiky, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 podle definice v\u00e1zat v\u00edce CO\u2082, ne\u017e vypou\u0161t\u011bt. Lesy, p\u016fda a mok\u0159ady funguj\u00ed jako p\u0159irozen\u00fd propad uhl\u00edku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o LULUCF (EU) 2018\/841 \u2013 pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm (EU) 2023\/839 v r\u00e1mci bal\u00ed\u010dku \u201eFit for 55\u201c \u2013 stanovilo v EU z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 pravidla pro to, jak tato <strong>V\u00fdkon p\u0159i zahlubov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> m\u011b\u0159en, bilancov\u00e1n a rozd\u011blen mezi 27 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Do roku 2030 by tento sektor m\u011bl v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9 EU dos\u00e1hnout \u010dist\u00e9ho pohlcov\u00e1n\u00ed <strong>310 milion\u016f tun CO\u2082 ekvivalentu<\/strong> dos\u00e1hnout. To by znamenalo dal\u0161\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f o 15 % oproti referen\u010dn\u00edmu obdob\u00ed 2016 a\u017e 2018. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t k tomu p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 individu\u00e1ln\u00edm, pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00fdm c\u00edlem, kter\u00fd vych\u00e1z\u00ed z historick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f o emis\u00edch a pod\u00edlu na obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00e9 plo\u0161e EU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vysv\u011btluje, kter\u00e9 sektory vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 a jak se c\u00edlov\u00e1 architektura vyv\u00edj\u00ed v obdob\u00ed let 2021 a\u017e 2035. D\u00e1le se zam\u011b\u0159uje na \u00fapln\u00e9 c\u00edle v\u0161ech 27 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU a jejich metodiku v\u00fdpo\u010dtu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0160est sektor\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edval\u00ed p\u016fdy v r\u00e1mci LULUCF<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed LULUCF rozli\u0161uje \u0161est kategori\u00ed ploch, v nich\u017e \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mus\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1vat emise a pohlcov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 plocha je na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00e9ho skute\u010dn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159azena k jedn\u00e9 z t\u011bchto kategori\u00ed a p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00ed je p\u0159evedena do nov\u00e9 kategorie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lesn\u00ed pozemky:<\/strong> Zdaleka nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k evropsk\u00e9mu propadu CO\u2082. Co se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 jako \u201cles\u201d, p\u0159itom zdaleka nen\u00ed v cel\u00e9 EU definov\u00e1no jednotn\u011b \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t si stanovuje vlastn\u00ed prahov\u00e9 hodnoty pro minim\u00e1ln\u00ed plochu, z\u00e1poj a v\u00fd\u0161ku strom\u016f, kter\u00e9 spadaj\u00ed pod krit\u00e9rium lesa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Orn\u00e1 p\u016fda (Cropland):<\/strong> Zem\u011bd\u011blsky vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 plochy v\u010detn\u011b ovocn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a vina\u0159stv\u00ed, jako\u017e i agrolesnick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, pokud lesn\u00ed porost nep\u0159ekra\u010duje p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hranici lesnosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pastviny (Grassland):<\/strong> Trval\u00e9 travn\u00ed porosty a pastviny bez obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mok\u0159ady (Wetlands):<\/strong> Ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u011b, oblasti t\u011b\u017eby ra\u0161eliny a vodn\u00ed plochy \u2013 z hlediska klimatick\u00e9 politiky jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00e9, proto\u017ee odvodn\u011bn\u00e9 organick\u00e9 p\u016fdy pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm emis\u00ed v tomto odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obytn\u00e9 oblasti (Settlements):<\/strong> Zastav\u011bn\u00e9 a zpevn\u011bn\u00e9 plochy, dopravn\u00ed infrastruktura a zele\u0148 v obytn\u00fdch oblastech.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ostatn\u00ed pozemky (Other Land):<\/strong> Zbytkov\u00e1 kategorie pro v\u0161echny plochy, kter\u00e9 nelze za\u0159adit do \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch kategori\u00ed (nap\u0159. sk\u00e1ly, pou\u0161\u0165, hol\u00e1 p\u016fda).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed d\u00e1le zahrnuje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed kategorii: <strong>D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky (Harvested Wood Products, HWP)<\/strong>. D\u0159evo pou\u017eit\u00e9 ve stavb\u00e1ch nebo zpracovan\u00e9 \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad na stavebn\u00ed d\u0159evo \u010di pap\u00edr \u2013 nad\u00e1le ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 uhl\u00edk i po jeho t\u011b\u017eb\u011b, a proto se vykazuje samostatn\u011b, bez ohledu na to, na jak\u00e9 plo\u0161e se tato surovina p\u016fvodn\u011b nach\u00e1zela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LULUCEF v praxi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jakmile nap\u0159\u00edklad obec p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed pastviny na pr\u016fmyslovou z\u00f3nu, objev\u00ed se tento proces v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm invent\u00e1\u0159i sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f jako zm\u011bna vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy. Uhl\u00edk, kter\u00fd se p\u0159i tom uvoln\u00ed, resp. ji\u017e nen\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1n, se tedy zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 jako emise do bilance LULUCF dan\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Tato emise matematicky zv\u011bt\u0161uje odstup od n\u00e1rodn\u00ed c\u00edlov\u00e9 hodnoty pro rok 2030. P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 zem\u011b EU ji proto mus\u00ed kompenzovat jinde v r\u00e1mci tohoto sektoru, nap\u0159\u00edklad zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo op\u011btovn\u00fdm zavlh\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm ra\u0161elini\u0161\u0165. Pro jednotliv\u00e9 projekty z toho nevypl\u00fdv\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 individu\u00e1ln\u00ed povinnost kompenzace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To, zda jsou pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed stavebn\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br nezbytn\u00e1 kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, neupravuje syst\u00e9m LULUCF, n\u00fdbr\u017e vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy v oblasti ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody \u2013 v N\u011bmecku se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159edpisy o z\u00e1saz\u00edch podle \u00a7\u00a7 13\u201315 z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrody (BNatSchG). Oba syst\u00e9my funguj\u00ed soub\u011b\u017en\u011b, jsou v\u0161ak pr\u00e1vn\u011b odd\u011blen\u00e9: LULUCF prov\u00e1d\u00ed bilancov\u00e1n\u00ed z makroekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska na \u00farovni st\u00e1tu, zat\u00edmco p\u0159edpisy o z\u00e1saz\u00edch se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm projektu na \u00farovni stavebn\u00edho povolen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno:<\/strong> LULUCF je makroekonomick\u00fd \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed n\u00e1stroj mezi EU a \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty \u2013 nejedn\u00e1 se o n\u00e1stroj pro schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch \u00fazemn\u00edch z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad: Od kj\u00f3tsk\u00e9 logiky k line\u00e1rn\u00edmu stanoven\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z\u00e1klad tvo\u0159\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (EU) 2018\/841 ze dne 30. kv\u011btna 2018, kter\u00fdm EU poprv\u00e9 z\u00e1vazn\u011b za\u010dlenila sektor vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy do sv\u00e9 architektury c\u00edl\u016f v oblasti klimatu. P\u016fvodn\u011b \u00fazce navazuj\u00edc\u00ed na vykazovac\u00ed logiku Kj\u00f3tsk\u00e9ho protokolu pro\u0161lo v r\u00e1mci bal\u00ed\u010dku \u201cFit for 55\u201d z\u00e1sadn\u00ed reviz\u00ed. Tato novela (EU) 2023\/839 ze dne 19. dubna 2023 zp\u0159\u00edsnila celoevropsk\u00fd c\u00edl pohlcov\u00e1n\u00ed pro rok 2030 a nahradila star\u00e9 vykazov\u00e1n\u00ed specifikovan\u00e9 podle kategori\u00ed zjednodu\u0161en\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem s <strong>jedin\u00fd c\u00edlov\u00fd \u00fadaj pro cel\u00fd sektor v ka\u017ed\u00e9m \u010dlensk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LULUCF je tedy sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku opat\u0159en\u00ed \u201cFit for 55\u201d \u2013 vedle syst\u00e9mu obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi EU (ETS 1\/2) a na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o sd\u00edlen\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee (<a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/narizeni-o-sdileni-usili-esr-aea-bis-2030\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"32072\">Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o sd\u00edlen\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed<\/a>, ESR). Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee zat\u00edmco syst\u00e9my ETS a ESR se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed, LULUCF je jedin\u00fdm sektorem, kter\u00fd struktur\u00e1ln\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed jako \u010dist\u00fd pohlcova\u010d a jeho\u017e roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed proto aktivn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dv\u011b regula\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed s odli\u0161nou logikou zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Obdob\u00ed 1 (2021\u20132025): Pravidlo \u201eNo-Debit\u201c<\/strong><br>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi platil pro ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t pouze minim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadavek: za\u00fa\u010dtovan\u00e9 emise nesm\u011bly p\u0159ekro\u010dit za\u00fa\u010dtovan\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed (princip \u201cno-debit\u201d). Zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159itom \u0159\u00eddilo diferencovan\u00fdmi pravidly pro jednotliv\u00e9 kategorie ploch, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1zely z Kj\u00f3tsk\u00e9ho protokolu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Obdob\u00ed 2 (2026\u20132030): Z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed c\u00edlov\u00e9 hodnoty<\/strong><br>Od roku 2026 se zcela ru\u0161\u00ed zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podle jednotliv\u00fdch kategori\u00ed. M\u00edsto toho bude pro ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t platit jedin\u00e1 z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 c\u00edlov\u00e1 hodnota pro \u010dist\u00fd \u00fabytek v roce 2030. V letech 2026 a\u017e 2029 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nav\u00edc dodr\u017eena line\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00edlov\u00e1 trajektorie. Ta vych\u00e1z\u00ed z pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hodnoty za roky 2021\u20132023 a vede line\u00e1rn\u011b k c\u00edlov\u00e9 hodnot\u011b pro rok 2030. Sou\u010det takto definovan\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch hodnot za obdob\u00ed 2026\u20132029 tvo\u0159\u00ed tzv. \u201crozpo\u010det\u201d \u010dlensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu pro toto obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak se vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed c\u00edlov\u00e9 hodnoty?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00edl EU v podob\u011b \u010dist\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed o 310 milion\u016f tun ekvivalentu CO\u2082 do roku 2030 vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159\u00edmo odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed v p\u0159ehledu jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sloupec B \u2013 v\u00fdchoz\u00ed hodnota:<\/strong> pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed \u010dist\u00e1 hodnota z inventarizac\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f za roky 2016, 2017 a 2018 (inventariza\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va z roku 2020) pro ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t. Z\u00e1porn\u00e1 hodnota znamen\u00e1 \u010dist\u00fd pohlcova\u010d, kladn\u00e1 hodnota pak \u010dist\u00fd zdroj emis\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad D\u00e1nsko, Irsko, Nizozemsko a Malta vykazuj\u00ed za toto obdob\u00ed kladnou bilanci, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jejich sektor vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy byl v tomto obdob\u00ed \u010dist\u00fdm emitentem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sloupec C \u2013 c\u00edlov\u00e1 hodnota:<\/strong> dodate\u010dn\u00fd objem sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed, kter\u00e9ho mus\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t do roku 2030 dos\u00e1hnout ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se svou v\u00fdchoz\u00ed hodnotou. Tento dodate\u010dn\u00fd c\u00edl v celkov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i \u221242 296 kt ekv. CO\u2082 v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9 EU nen\u00ed rozd\u011blen rovnom\u011brn\u011b, ale je p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu na celkov\u00e9 obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00e9 plo\u0161e EU a dosavadn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f v oblasti ochrany klimatu v dan\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sloupec B plus sloupec C d\u00e1v\u00e1 <strong>Sloupec D<\/strong>, z\u00e1vaznou c\u00edlovou hodnotu pro rok 2030 \u2013 u N\u011bmecka p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b z po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty \u221227 089 kt dodate\u010dn\u00fd po\u017eadavek \u22123 751 kt, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje c\u00edlovou hodnotu \u221230 840 kt ekvivalentu CO\u2082 v roce 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159ehled 27 vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f v oblasti LULUCF<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u00d8 2016\u20132018 <\/strong><br><strong>(kt CO\u2082-ekv.)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>C\u00edlov\u00e1 hodnota pro rok 2030 <\/strong><br><strong>(kt CO\u2082-ekv.)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>C\u00edlov\u00e1 hodnota 2030 celkem (kt ekv. CO\u2082)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Belgie<\/td><td>\u22121,032<\/td><td>\u2212320<\/td><td>\u22121,352<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bulharsko<\/td><td>\u22128,554<\/td><td>\u22121,163<\/td><td>\u22129,718<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u010cesko<\/td><td>\u2212401<\/td><td>\u2212827<\/td><td>\u22121 228<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D\u00e1nsko<\/td><td>+5.779<\/td><td>\u2212441<\/td><td>+5.338<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>N\u011bmecko<\/td><td>\u221227 089<\/td><td>\u22123 751<\/td><td>\u221230 840<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Estonsko<\/td><td>\u22122 112<\/td><td>\u2212434<\/td><td>\u22122,545<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Irsko<\/td><td>+4.354<\/td><td>\u2212626<\/td><td>+3.728<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0158ecko<\/td><td>\u22123,219<\/td><td>\u22121 154<\/td><td>\u22124 373<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0160pan\u011blsko<\/td><td>\u221238 326<\/td><td>\u22125 309<\/td><td>\u221243 635<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Francie<\/td><td>\u221227 353<\/td><td>\u22126 693<\/td><td>\u221234 046<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chorvatsko<\/td><td>\u22124 933<\/td><td>\u2212593<\/td><td>\u22125 527<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>It\u00e1lie<\/td><td>\u221232 599<\/td><td>\u22123 158<\/td><td>\u221235,758<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kypr<\/td><td>\u2212289<\/td><td>\u221263<\/td><td>\u2212352<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Loty\u0161sko<\/td><td>\u22126<\/td><td>\u2212639<\/td><td>\u2212644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Litva<\/td><td>\u22123,972<\/td><td>\u2212661<\/td><td>\u22124,633<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lucembursko<\/td><td>\u2212376<\/td><td>\u221227<\/td><td>\u2212403<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ma\u010farsko<\/td><td>\u22124,791<\/td><td>\u2212934<\/td><td>\u22125 724<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Malta<\/td><td>+4<\/td><td>\u22122<\/td><td>+2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nizozemsko<\/td><td>+4.958<\/td><td>\u2212435<\/td><td>+4.523<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rakousko<\/td><td>\u22124 771<\/td><td>\u2212879<\/td><td>\u22125,650<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Polsko<\/td><td>\u221234,820<\/td><td>\u22123,278<\/td><td>\u221238 098<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Portugalsko<\/td><td>\u2212390<\/td><td>\u2212968<\/td><td>\u22121,358<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rumunsko<\/td><td>\u221223,285<\/td><td>\u22122 380<\/td><td>\u221225 665<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slovinsko<\/td><td>+67<\/td><td>\u2212212<\/td><td>\u2212146<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slovensko<\/td><td>\u22126 317<\/td><td>\u2212504<\/td><td>\u22126 821<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finsko<\/td><td>\u221214 865<\/td><td>\u22122 889<\/td><td>\u221217 754<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0160v\u00e9dsko<\/td><td>\u221243,366<\/td><td>\u22123,955<\/td><td>\u221247,321<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>EU-27 \/ Unie<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u2212267,704<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u221242,296<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u2212310 000<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e1padn\u00e9: Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 pohlcov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou zem\u011b s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm a lesy, jako je \u0160v\u00e9dsko, Francie, \u0160pan\u011blsko, Polsko a Finsko \u2013 spole\u010dn\u011b se pod\u00edlej\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm d\u00edlem na celoevropsk\u00e9 schopnosti pohlcov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010cty\u0159i st\u00e1ty (D\u00e1nsko, Irsko, Nizozemsko, Malta) naopak vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z pozice \u010dist\u00fdch emis\u00ed a budou muset sv\u016fj sektor perspektivn\u011b p\u0159em\u011bnit ze zdroje na propad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sank\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus: Faktor 1,08<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t nespln\u00ed sv\u016fj z\u00e1vazn\u00fd LULUCF rozpo\u010det na obdob\u00ed 2026\u20132029, uplatn\u00ed se automatick\u00fd mechanismus p\u0159ir\u00e1\u017eek podle \u010dl. 13c na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: \u010dist\u00e9 emise p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed rozpo\u010det budou <strong>vyn\u00e1sobeno faktorem 1,08<\/strong> a p\u0159i\u010dten k ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edmu c\u00edli pro rok 2030. Kdo tedy v obdob\u00ed 2026\u20132029 p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed sv\u016fj rozpo\u010det nap\u0159\u00edklad o 100 kt CO\u2082 ekv., mus\u00ed v roce 2030 zajistit \u010dist\u00e9 sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed v celkov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i 108 kt CO\u2082 ekv. Nespln\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edle se tak nenahrazuje v pom\u011bru jedna ku jedn\u00e9, ale s p\u0159ir\u00e1\u017ekou 8 procent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tento mechanismus funguje struktur\u00e1ln\u011b podobn\u011b jako malus v na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o sd\u00edlen\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed, s jedn\u00edm z\u00e1sadn\u00edm rozd\u00edlem: zat\u00edmco v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o sd\u00edlen\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed sankce rok co rok na ro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159id\u011blen\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed emis\u00ed na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok, LULUCF p\u0159ir\u00e1\u017eka se kumuluje k jedin\u00e9mu term\u00ednu \u2013 z\u00e1vazn\u00e9mu c\u00edli pro rok 2030. Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed rozpo\u010dtu kumulovan\u00e9 b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let se tak m\u016f\u017ee prom\u00edtnout do citeln\u00e9 pot\u0159eby dohnat zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v posledn\u00edm c\u00edlov\u00e9m roce, pokud se v\u010das nezakro\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zkou\u0161ka prob\u00edh\u00e1 ve dvou etap\u00e1ch: dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sady \u201c\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho dluhu\u201d (no-debit) za obdob\u00ed 2021\u20132025 bude zkontrolov\u00e1no v roce 2027, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rozpo\u010dtu a c\u00edlov\u00e9 hodnoty pro rok 2030 pro druh\u00e9 obdob\u00ed pak a\u017e v roce 2032 \u2013 po komplexn\u00edm p\u0159ezkumu p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fdch inventur sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Teprve po dokon\u010den\u00ed tohoto procesu zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed souladu specifick\u00e9ho pro LULUCF za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 cyklus zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed souladu podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o spravedliv\u00e9m rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak mohou st\u00e1ty EU vyrovnat c\u00edle LULUCF<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cl. 12 \u2013 P\u0159evody mezi odv\u011btv\u00edm LULUCF a na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm o ESR<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t nespln\u00ed sv\u016fj c\u00edl v oblasti LULUCF, m\u016f\u017ee k jeho pokryt\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt emisn\u00ed kv\u00f3ty ze sektoru ESR. Naopak st\u00e1t s p\u0159ebytkem v oblasti LULUCF m\u016f\u017ee tento p\u0159ebytek vyu\u017e\u00edt k dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edle v sektoru ESR nebo jej p\u0159ev\u00e9st na jin\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. P\u0159evod je pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 obdob\u00ed (2021\u20132025 resp. 2026\u20132030) omezen na maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 50 % z celkov\u00fdch 262 milion\u016f tun ekvivalentu CO\u2082.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cl. 13 \u2013 Lesn\u00ed flexibilita 2021\u20132025<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud budou obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00e9 lesn\u00ed plochy v r\u00e1mci zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v souladu s Kj\u00f3tsk\u00fdm protokolem v prvn\u00edm obdob\u00ed za\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1ny jako zdroj emis\u00ed nam\u00edsto jako propad, lze tento deficit vyrovnat \u2013 za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t prok\u00e1\u017ee skute\u010dn\u00fd \u010dist\u00fd propadov\u00fd efekt a zakotv\u00ed zachov\u00e1n\u00ed, resp. roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed lesn\u00edho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b zakotv\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00e9 strategii. Strop je stanoven na 50 % n\u00e1rodn\u00edho maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho limitu z p\u0159\u00edlohy VII (nap\u0159. Francie: \u221261,5 mil. t, \u0160v\u00e9dsko: \u221247,5 mil. t za cel\u00e9 obdob\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cl. 13b \u2013 Mechanismus vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy 2026\u20132030<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mechanismus pro druh\u00e9 obdob\u00ed s celoevropsk\u00fdm stropem 178 mil. tun CO\u2082 ekv. P\u0159edpoklady: EU dos\u00e1hne sv\u00e9ho celkov\u00e9ho c\u00edle, st\u00e1t ji\u017e vy\u010derpal \u010dl\u00e1nek 12 a zdokumentoval opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu propad\u016f. Kompenzace prob\u00edh\u00e1 odstup\u0148ovan\u011b \u2013 nejprve bez dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f, pot\u00e9 p\u0159ednostn\u011b \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi jevy, nakonec z fondu omezen\u00e9ho na 50 mil. tun pro dopady zm\u011bny klimatu nebo vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl organick\u00fdch p\u016fd. P\u0159i p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed se provede pom\u011brn\u00e9 kr\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhled: Spole\u010dn\u00e1 klimatick\u00e1 neutralita od roku 2035<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nad r\u00e1mec c\u00edle do roku 2030 na\u0159izuje na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU a jej\u00edm \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm dal\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edk: od roku 2035 by sektor vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed <strong>spole\u010dn\u011b klimatu neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/strong> b\u00fdt. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dist\u00e1 pohlcovac\u00ed kapacita LULUCF mus\u00ed od tohoto okam\u017eiku matematicky vyrovnat zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed emise z the zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm metan z chovu zv\u00ed\u0159at a oxid dusn\u00fd z hnojen\u00ed) \u2013 oba sektory jsou poprv\u00e9 pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za spole\u010dnou bilan\u010dn\u00ed oblast nam\u00edsto toho, aby byly dosud vedeny odd\u011blen\u011b podle pravidel LULUCF, resp. ESR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 c\u00edlov\u00e1 hodnota pro obdob\u00ed po roce 2030 dosud nebyla stanovena. Komise je v\u0161ak povinna v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/energeticky-zakon\/plany-v-oblasti-klimatu-ohlasovaci-povinnost-csrd\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"10773\">Ohla\u0161ovac\u00ed povinnosti<\/a> prov\u011b\u0159it dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj pr\u00e1vn\u00edho r\u00e1mce \u2013 mimo jin\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 zahrnut\u00ed zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed CO\u2082 v produktech a dodate\u010dn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b. Pro investory a vlastn\u00edky pozemk\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9: regulatorn\u00ed tlak na tento sektor struktur\u00e1ln\u011b nad\u00e1le roste, i kdy\u017e konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed podoba po roce ce 2030 je st\u00e1le otev\u0159en\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o LULUCF<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Co znamen\u00e1 LULUCF?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zkratka LULUCF znamen\u00e1 \u201cLand Use, Land Use Change and Forestry\u201d \u2013 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy, zm\u011bny ve vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy a lesnictv\u00ed. Tento pojem ozna\u010duje jak p\u0159edm\u011bt regulace, tak i p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU (EU) 2018\/841.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Jak\u00fd je celoevropsk\u00fd c\u00edl v oblasti LULUCF do roku 2030?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010cist\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed o 310 milion\u016f tun ekvivalentu CO\u2082, rozd\u011blen\u00e9 mezi z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed c\u00edle pro v\u0161ech 27 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 n\u00e1r\u016fstu o 15 % oproti referen\u010dn\u00edmu obdob\u00ed 2016\u20132018.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Jak\u00fd c\u00edl plat\u00ed pro N\u011bmecko?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u011bmecko mus\u00ed do roku 2030 dos\u00e1hnout \u010dist\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed o 30 840 kt ekvivalentu CO\u2082 \u2013 vych\u00e1zej\u00edc z po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty \u221227 089 kt (\u00d8 2016\u20132018) plus c\u00edlov\u00e9 hodnoty \u22123 751 kt.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>T\u00fdk\u00e1 se LULUCF jednotliv\u00fdch stavebn\u00edch projekt\u016f nebo podnik\u016f?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ne. Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zavazuje v\u00fdhradn\u011b \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Zm\u011bny vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy u jednotliv\u00fdch projekt\u016f sice vstupuj\u00ed do n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bilance, ale nevyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00ed povinnost kompenzace \u2013 to v N\u011bmecku upravuje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava z\u00e1sah\u016f do p\u0159\u00edrody podle z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrody (BNatSchG).<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Co se stane, pokud \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t nespln\u00ed sv\u016fj c\u00edl?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed rozpo\u010dtu na roky 2026\u20132029 se vyn\u00e1sob\u00ed koeficientem 1,08 a p\u0159i\u010dte se k c\u00edli pro rok 2030. P\u0159ed uplatn\u011bn\u00edm t\u00e9to sankce je k dispozici n\u011bkolik mechanism\u016f flexibility (\u010dl. 12, 13, 13b).<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Od kdy maj\u00ed b\u00fdt LULUCF a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed klimaticky neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Od roku 2035 bude pro oba sektory platit spole\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1vazek klimatick\u00e9 neutrality \u2013 v\u00fdkon propad\u016f v sektoru LULUCF pak bude muset vyrovnat zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 emise.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Jak\u00e9 kategorie ploch pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 LULUCF?<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0160est kategori\u00ed: lesn\u00ed pozemky, orn\u00e1 p\u016fda, travn\u00ed porosty, mok\u0159ady, zastav\u011bn\u00e9 plochy a ostatn\u00ed plochy, dopln\u011bn\u00e9 o v\u00fdrobky ze d\u0159eva jako samostatnou kategorii v\u00fdkaznictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Je to kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd, ale \u010dasto podce\u0148ovan\u00fd stavebn\u00ed k\u00e1men evropsk\u00e9 klimatu politiky. Vysv\u011btlujeme, jak maj\u00ed lesy, p\u016fda a mok\u0159ady v\u00e1zat CO\u2082 a jak\u00e9 c\u00edle plat\u00ed pro N\u011bmecko a ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1ty EU.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":395,"featured_media":32207,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-regulatorik-esg"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Was ist LULUCF? 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