{"id":24483,"date":"2025-08-29T09:35:57","date_gmt":"2025-08-29T07:35:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/?p=24483"},"modified":"2026-06-11T16:56:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T14:56:10","slug":"formovani-site-s-mrizkovymi-menici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/grid-forming-mit-netzbildenden-wechselrichtern\/","title":{"rendered":"Tvorba s\u00edt\u011b pomoc\u00ed st\u0159\u00edda\u010d\u016f tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch s\u00ed\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edda\u010de p\u0159i Tvorba s\u00edt\u011b<\/strong> aktivn\u00ed kontrolu nad nap\u011bt\u00edm a frekvenc\u00ed v s\u00edti \u2013 a t\u00edm zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed spolehlivou bezpe\u010dnost dod\u00e1vek. To bylo dosud po desetilet\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1no velk\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1rnami. Tyto Synchrongener\u00e1tory<\/strong> disponuj\u00ed rotuj\u00edc\u00edmi setrva\u010dn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00ed konstantn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ovou frekvenci a nap\u011bt\u00ed i p\u0159i n\u00e1hl\u00fdch v\u00fdkyvech \u2013 mluv\u00ed se zde o Moment\u00e1ln\u00ed rezerva<\/a><\/strong> nebo \u201esetrva\u010dnost\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S rostouc\u00edm pod\u00edlem obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f se tato situace z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed: fotovoltaick\u00e9 a v\u011btrn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u016fj proud p\u0159es V\u00fdkonov\u00e1 elektronika<\/strong> ein. Tato je sice velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, ale p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00e1 setrva\u010dn\u00e1 hmota<\/strong> do s\u00edt\u011b. To znamen\u00e1: \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce konven\u010dn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren bude odstaveno, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b klasick\u00fdch stabiliza\u010dn\u00edch mechanism\u016f bude k dispozici. Bez dodate\u010dn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed to m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k Bezpe\u010dnost dod\u00e1vek <\/strong>a Stabilita s\u00edt\u011b<\/strong> ohro\u017euj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Formov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm inovativn\u00ed technologie st\u0159\u00edda\u010d\u016f nyn\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na v\u00fdrobu energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f v kombinaci s Velk\u00e9 bateriov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/a> s\u00e1m s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd<\/strong> p\u016fsobit. To znamen\u00e1: M\u00edsto pouh\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edho s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed aktivn\u011b \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve vyhrazeny synchronn\u00edm gener\u00e1tor\u016fm \u2013 poskytuj\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a frekvenci, zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed setrva\u010dnost<\/strong> a stabilizuj\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165. Grid forming se tak st\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed energetick\u00e9 transformace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak funguje Grid Forming?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco konven\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159\u00edda\u010de typu Grid-Following spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na existuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd sign\u00e1l, st\u0159\u00edda\u010de typu Grid-Forming ve spojen\u00ed s Syst\u00e9my \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spot\u0159eby energie<\/a> (EMS) i samotnou roli \u201edirigenta s\u00edt\u011b\u201c. Aktivn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vlastn\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnotu nap\u011bt\u00ed a frekvence, \u010d\u00edm\u017e poskytuj\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro stabiln\u00ed provoz s\u00edt\u011b \u2013 i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee ji\u017e nebudou k dispozici \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 rota\u010dn\u00ed gener\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed setrva\u010dnost \u2013 software m\u00edsto setrva\u010dn\u00edku<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Konven\u010dn\u00ed synchronn\u00ed gener\u00e1tory stabilizuj\u00ed energetickou s\u00ed\u0165 svou fyzickou setrva\u010dnost\u00ed. Pokud n\u00e1hle ubydou nebo p\u0159ibudou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, rotuj\u00edc\u00ed hmota t\u011bchto gener\u00e1tor\u016f kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b tlum\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy frekvence. St\u0159\u00edda\u010de typu Grid-Forming p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed tento \u00fakol ve spojen\u00ed s obnoviteln\u00fdmi zdroji a \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti na \u010dist\u011b softwarov\u00e9 \u00farovni. P\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed roli synchronn\u00edch gener\u00e1tor\u016f na modern\u00ed v\u00fdkonovou elektroniku a mohou tak b\u011bhem milisekund dod\u00e1vat nebo odeb\u00edrat energii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00edky extr\u00e9mn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b odezvy se tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chovaj\u00ed jako konven\u010dn\u00ed setrva\u010dn\u00edky, p\u0159esto\u017ee nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu fyzick\u00e9mu pohybu. To je umo\u017en\u011bno \u0159\u00eddic\u00edmi postupy jako je Regulace propad\u016f<\/strong> nebo koncept Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed synchronn\u00ed stroj<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 bleskurychle reaguj\u00ed na zm\u011bny frekvence. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem je zaji\u0161t\u011bna okam\u017eit\u00e1 rezerva, kter\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zachycuje ve\u0161ker\u00e9 odchylky frekvence. To dokonce umo\u017e\u0148uje kompletn\u00ed Start ze s\u00edt\u011b pomoc\u00ed bateriov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tvorba nap\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 aktivn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u00edsto pouh\u00e9ho n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b stabilizace frekvence p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed st\u0159\u00edda\u010de typu grid-forming tak\u00e9 aktivn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed v s\u00edti. Na rozd\u00edl od klasick\u00fdch, na s\u00edti \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se chovaj\u00ed jako Zdroj nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> a mohou nez\u00e1visle definovat \u00farove\u0148 a kvalitu nap\u011bt\u00ed. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm postup\u016f, jako je Regulace poklesu nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed sv\u016fj v\u00fdkon aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. T\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed stabiln\u00ed i v dynamick\u00fdch situac\u00edch. Dokonce i p\u0159i v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch poruch\u00e1ch, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i Zkrat<\/strong>, jsou syst\u00e9my schopn\u00e9 d\u00e1le podporovat s\u00ed\u0165. Tato schopnost se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Fault Ride Through<\/strong> ozna\u010duje a je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm stavebn\u00edm kamenem odolnosti budouc\u00edch energetick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inteligentn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladem grid formingu tvo\u0159\u00ed vysoce dynamick\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed a regula\u010dn\u00ed technika. Syst\u00e9my typu grid forming nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b monitoruj\u00ed v\u0161echny relevantn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 parametry, jako je proud, nap\u011bt\u00ed a frekvence. Pomoc\u00ed Zp\u011btnovazebn\u00ed smy\u010dky<\/strong> mohou p\u0159izp\u016fsobit sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase a okam\u017eit\u011b tak reagovat na zm\u011bny. A\u0165 u\u017e omezen\u00edm proud\u016f, podporou frekvence nebo stabilizac\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 syst\u00e9my pracuj\u00ed s rychlost\u00ed a p\u0159esnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed konven\u010dn\u00ed gener\u00e1tory. To umo\u017e\u0148uje stabiln\u00ed provoz s\u00edt\u011b i ve sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, kde se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b v\u00fdkonov\u00ed elektronici, jako jsou fotovoltaick\u00e9 a v\u011btrn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny a bateriov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozd\u00edl mezi Grid Forming a Grid Following<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Abychom pochopili princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed grid forming, je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s klasick\u00fdm principem St\u0159\u00edda\u010d sleduj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165<\/strong> u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd. Syst\u00e9my sleduj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na \u201esledov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c existuj\u00edc\u00edho s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu. Dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u016fj v\u00fdkon synchronn\u011b k ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed frekvenci a nap\u011bt\u00ed a mohou fungovat pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e je k dispozici stabiln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd sign\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grid-Forming st\u0159\u00edda\u010de naopak zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed mnohem aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli: \u201etvo\u0159\u00ed\u201c samotnou s\u00ed\u0165 t\u00edm, \u017ee nez\u00e1visle generuj\u00ed referenci pro nap\u011bt\u00ed a frekvenci. Konven\u010dn\u00ed synchronn\u00ed gener\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 ud\u00e1vaj\u00ed takt pro frekvenci a nap\u011bt\u00ed, se tak st\u00e1vaj\u00ed nadbyte\u010dn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco sledov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b funguje spolehliv\u011b ve stabiln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch s dostate\u010dn\u00fdm po\u010dtem konven\u010dn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren a p\u0159edstavuje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro integraci obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie, formov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b je pro modern\u00ed, budouc\u00ed a na EE zalo\u017een\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my nezbytn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed Grid Forming vs. Grid Following<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/td>Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<\/td>Tvorba s\u00edt\u011b<\/td><\/tr>
Odb\u011br ze s\u00edt\u011b<\/td>Pot\u0159ebuje existuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd sign\u00e1l (frekvence a nap\u011bt\u00ed)<\/td>Samo nastavuje aktivn\u011b nap\u011bt\u00ed a frekvenci<\/td><\/tr>
Stabilizace<\/td>Reaguje pouze na existuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky<\/td>Aktivn\u011b a dynamicky stabilizuje s\u00ed\u0165<\/td><\/tr>
Setrva\u010dnost\/Sekundov\u00e1 rezerva<\/td>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed setrva\u010dnost, z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na synchronn\u00edch gener\u00e1torech<\/td>Emuluje virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed setrva\u010dnost prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm algoritm\u016f a pam\u011bti<\/td><\/tr>
Pou\u017eitelnost<\/td>Funguje pouze ve stabiln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch se synchronn\u00edmi gener\u00e1tory<\/td>Funguje i v s\u00edt\u00edch bez rota\u010dn\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/td><\/tr>
mo\u017enost studen\u00e9ho startu<\/td>Nelze<\/td>Mo\u017en\u00e9: S\u00edt\u011b si dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed samy obnovit<\/td><\/tr>
Typick\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/td>Klasick\u00e9 fotovoltaick\u00e9 a v\u011btrn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny napojen\u00e9 do st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed<\/td>Bateriov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, mikros\u00edt\u011b, obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje s podporou s\u00edt\u011b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Technick\u00e9 proveden\u00ed a oblasti pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Technick\u00e1 realizace Grid Forming spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v z\u00e1sad\u011b v s\u00ed\u0165otvorn\u00fdch st\u0159\u00edda\u010d\u00edch nebo m\u011bni\u010d\u00edch ve spojen\u00ed s EMS. Hardware mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopna autonomn\u011b ud\u00e1vat nap\u011bt\u00ed a frekvenci a p\u0159evz\u00edt v\u0161echny fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce. EMS jako software \u0159\u00edd\u00ed provozn\u00ed re\u017eim, orchestruje nasazen\u00ed grid-formuj\u00edc\u00edho hardwaru a rozhoduje nap\u0159\u00edklad o ostrovn\u00edm provozu, prioritizaci z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee nebo resynchronizaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u011bni\u010de jako hardware<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

St\u0159\u00edda\u010de tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed fyzickou \u00falohu tvorby s\u00edt\u011b. Aktivn\u011b poskytuj\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a frekvenci a mohou je ve stabiln\u00ed s\u00edti udr\u017eovat. T\u00edm tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro funkce, jako je ostrovn\u00ed provoz nebo schopnost \u010dern\u00e9ho startu. Jejich \u00fakolem je p\u0159esn\u011b implementovat c\u00edlov\u00e9 hodnoty definovan\u00e9 softwarem a rychle reagovat na zm\u011bny v s\u00edti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EMS jako software<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b formov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm hardwarem nav\u00edc EMS \u0159\u00edd\u00ed provoz m\u011bni\u010d\u016f a koordinuje jejich sou\u010dinnost s \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti a zdroji. Rozhoduje, zda se aktivuje ostrovn\u00ed re\u017eim, jak se up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee nebo kdy dojde k resynchronizaci s ve\u0159ejnou s\u00edt\u00ed. EMS tak zaji\u0161\u0165uje inteligentn\u00ed orchestraci hardwaru a umo\u017e\u0148uje formov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jako cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00ed oblasti nasazen\u00ed Grid Forming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Bateriov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b: V kombinaci s v\u00fdkonn\u00fdmi \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti mohou st\u0159\u00edda\u010de typu Grid-Forming v \u0159\u00e1du milisekund dod\u00e1vat nebo odeb\u00edrat energii a t\u00edm vyrovn\u00e1vat kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 fluktuace v s\u00edti. Tyto syst\u00e9my jsou vhodn\u00e9 i pro sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e \u010dern\u00e9ho startu, kdy se s\u00ed\u0165 po v\u00fdpadku elekt\u0159iny autonomn\u011b znovu spou\u0161t\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Mikrogridy a ostrovn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b: Zejm\u00e9na v decentralizovan\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch nebo v regionech bez zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti jsou technologie typu Grid-Forming nepostradateln\u00e9 pro spolehliv\u00fd a nez\u00e1visl\u00fd provoz lok\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Integrace obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie: V rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch fotovoltaick\u00fdch nebo v\u011btrn\u00fdch parc\u00edch mohou s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edda\u010de p\u0159evz\u00edt \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve zvl\u00e1daly pouze rota\u010dn\u00ed gener\u00e1tory. To umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie do stability s\u00edt\u011b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Podpora s\u00edt\u011b v propojen\u00e9 s\u00edti: I v existuj\u00edc\u00edch elektroenergetick\u00fdch soustav\u00e1ch s klesaj\u00edc\u00edm pod\u00edlem konven\u010dn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren se st\u00e1v\u00e1 formov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b st\u00e1le nezbytn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed regulace frekvence a nap\u011bt\u00ed a pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed stability s\u00edt\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00edmto Grid Forming otev\u00edr\u00e1 celou \u0159adu nov\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak zajistit bezpe\u010dnost dod\u00e1vek a stabilitu s\u00edt\u011b i ve vysoce obnoviteln\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech. Technologie tak nen\u00ed pouze technickou mo\u017enost\u00ed, ale kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed energetick\u00e9 transformace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00fdzvy a aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed trendy pro Grid Forming<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Velk\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed grid-forming je st\u00e1le v plenk\u00e1ch. Dva hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvody pro to byly dosud nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 digitalizace<\/strong> energetick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed a absence celoplo\u0161n\u011b nasazen\u00fdch EMS. Bez t\u011bchto digit\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f nelze st\u0159\u00edda\u010de tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 pln\u011b koordinovat. Nav\u00edc byly bateriov\u00e9 z\u00e1sobn\u00edky po dlouhou dobu relativn\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00e9, a proto je bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ekonomicky vyu\u017e\u00edvat pouze v pilotn\u00edch projektech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ob\u011b se v\u0161ak v sou\u010dasnosti v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed: S rostouc\u00ed digitalizac\u00ed energetick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, nov\u00fdmi EMS \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi a klesaj\u00edc\u00edmi n\u00e1klady na technologie ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed energie se rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed Grid Forming dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do dosa\u017eiteln\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti. T\u00edm se otev\u00edraj\u00ed nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro spolehlivou stabilizaci frekvence a nap\u011bt\u00ed i v s\u00edti ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 obnoviteln\u00fdmi zdroji energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technick\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    St\u0159\u00edda\u010de tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 se mus\u00ed bezprobl\u00e9mov\u011b integrovat do st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed s klasick\u00fdmi synchronn\u00edmi gener\u00e1tory. Je nezbytn\u00e9 spolehliv\u011b udr\u017eovat frekvenci a nap\u011bt\u00ed i p\u0159i vysok\u00e9m pod\u00edlu obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje, aby st\u0159\u00edda\u010de tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 reagovaly velmi rychle a p\u0159esn\u011b na poruchy v s\u00edti. Paraleln\u00ed nasazen\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159itom vede ke slo\u017eit\u00e9 regula\u010dn\u00ed a ochrann\u00e9 technice, nebo\u0165 je t\u0159eba p\u0159edch\u00e1zet nestabilit\u00e1m zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm kmity a interakcemi. Nav\u00edc jsou mnoh\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed st\u00e1le ve f\u00e1zi pilotn\u00edho provozu a interoperabilita mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobci a validace v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m provozu s\u00edt\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky. Celkov\u011b je tedy formov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b (Grid Forming) v\u00fdrazn\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e klasick\u00fd provoz se synchronn\u00edmi gener\u00e1tory a vy\u017eaduje nov\u00e9, robustn\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 koncepty a standardy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Regula\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Evropsk\u00e9 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy, zejm\u00e9na na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU 2016\/631 (Po\u017eadavky na v\u00fdrobny \u2013 RfG), tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro po\u017eadavky na vlastnosti tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165. Toto na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je v platnosti od roku 2016 a stanovuje technick\u00e9 a provozn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na v\u00fdrobny. V N\u011bmecku je implementace prov\u00e1d\u011bna prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1rodn\u00edch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch kod\u016f a technick\u00fdch pravidel pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed (TARs) VDE\/FNN z \u010dervence 2024, kter\u00e9 jsou pr\u00e1vn\u011b zakotveny a neust\u00e1le se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed. Pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed nov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k s\u00edti je spln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto pravidel povinn\u00e9 a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt prok\u00e1z\u00e1no prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm certifikac\u00ed. Regula\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro bateriov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b je rovn\u011b\u017e v pohybu \u2013 ale je\u0161t\u011b zdaleka nen\u00ed prakticky pou\u017eiteln\u00fd. Zejm\u00e9na u v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 pro formov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b se projevuj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed nejistoty ohledn\u011b dan\u011b z elekt\u0159iny, s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch poplatk\u016f, koncepc\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o pokroku stavby, redistribuce a bilan\u010dn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj a pilotn\u00ed projekty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    V sou\u010dasnosti za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed st\u0159\u00edda\u010de tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 v N\u011bmecku dynamick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, kter\u00fd je zrychlov\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlenou podporou v\u00fdzkumu a regula\u010dn\u00edmi podn\u011bty. Spolkov\u00e1 agentura pro s\u00edt\u011b (Bundesnetzagentur) na ja\u0159e 2025 stanovila konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na tr\u017en\u011b orientovan\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed okam\u017eit\u00e9 rezervy, tak\u017ee syst\u00e9my s vlastnostmi tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi s\u00ed\u0165 budou poprv\u00e9 odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ny. \u0158ada pilotn\u00edch projekt\u016f zkoum\u00e1 technick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, interoperabilitu a nasazen\u00ed bateriov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 a fotovoltaick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f pro stabiln\u00ed provoz s\u00edt\u011b. Jsou prov\u00e1d\u011bny ter\u00e9nn\u00ed testy na v\u0161ech nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch, zkou\u0161ej\u00ed se syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby a validuje se integrace decentralizovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f pro norm\u00e1ln\u00ed provoz, ostrovn\u00ed provoz a obnovu s\u00edt\u011b. C\u00edlem je do roku 2028 umo\u017enit stabiln\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed dominovan\u00fdch st\u0159\u00edda\u010di a z\u00edskan\u00e9 poznatky p\u0159\u00edmo za\u010dlenit do proces\u016f normalizace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tvorba s\u00edt\u011b pro stabilitu a integraci obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Grid Forming je mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e jen technick\u00e1 mo\u017enost \u2013 je z\u00e1kladem stabiln\u00edho energetick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu bez konven\u010dn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren. St\u0159\u00edda\u010de \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve vyhrazeny synchronn\u00edm gener\u00e1tor\u016fm, a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed tak spolehliv\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky elekt\u0159iny i p\u0159i vysok\u00e9m pod\u00edlu obnoviteln\u00fdch energi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dosavadn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky \u2013 vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na bateriov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b a nedostatek digit\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed na v\u00fdznamu. S klesaj\u00edc\u00edmi cenami \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165, v\u00fdkonn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed energie a jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi regulatorn\u00edmi po\u017eadavky je tato technologie na prahu pr\u016flomu na trhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    D\u00edky tomu se grid forming st\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nkem spojuj\u00edc\u00edm obnovitelnou v\u00fdrobu, stabilitu s\u00edt\u011b a spolehlivost dod\u00e1vek \u2013 a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem pro energetick\u00fd syst\u00e9m budoucnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Grid Forming nahrazuje chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed setrva\u010dnost konven\u010dn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren softwarem. St\u0159\u00edda\u010de tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 ve spojen\u00ed s \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti funguj\u00ed jako aktivn\u00ed zdroj nap\u011bt\u00ed, poskytuj\u00ed \u201evirtu\u00e1ln\u00ed setrva\u010dnost\u201c a t\u00edm umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed stabilitu s\u00edt\u011b i starty ze tmy v syst\u00e9mu zalo\u017een\u00e9m \u010dist\u011b na OZE.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":26019,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,61,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-batteriespeicher","category-grundlagen-technik","category-photovoltaik"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGrid Forming mit netzbildenden Wechselrichtern | CUBE CONCEPTS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Grid Forming mit netzbildenden Wechselrichtern und EMS sorgt f\u00fcr 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