{"id":21716,"date":"2025-04-03T10:46:41","date_gmt":"2025-04-03T08:46:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/?p=21716"},"modified":"2026-06-01T13:33:01","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T11:33:01","slug":"behg-obchodovani-s-co%e2%82%82-certifikaty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/behg-handel-mit-co%e2%82%82-zertifikaten\/","title":{"rendered":"BEHG obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s certifik\u00e1ty CO\u2082"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z\u00e1kon o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s palivy (BEHG) je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi (nEHS) v N\u011bmecku, kter\u00fd je v platnosti od ledna 2021. Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>BEHG trading<\/strong> reguluje <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/energeticky-zakon\/co%e2%82%82-ceny\/\">Ceny CO\u2082<\/a> z fosiln\u00edch paliv, jako jsou zemn\u00ed plyn, LPG, topn\u00fd olej, nafta nebo benz\u00edn. BEHG se p\u0159itom vztahuje na dal\u0161\u00ed sektory mimo ETS, jako je doprava, vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed budov a mal\u00e9 provozy, kter\u00e9 dosud <strong>nepodl\u00e9haj\u00ed EU ETS<\/strong> <strong>I<\/strong> poklesl\u00e9. Obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s BEHG bude v roce 2028 integrov\u00e1no do EU-ETS II a stane se tak sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed evropsk\u00e9ho obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s povolenkami na CO\u2082. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pevn\u00e9 ceny povolenek a stanoven\u00e9 cenov\u00e9 koridory n\u011bmeck\u00fdch povolenek na CO\u2082 zaniknou a od roku 2028 se budou rovn\u011b\u017e voln\u011b obchodovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kter\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci programu SESTA?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci programu SESTA se t\u00fdk\u00e1 <strong>\"Distributor paliv\"<\/strong>, kte\u0159\u00ed se ne\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu EU-ETS I, ani nejsou osvobozeni od kompenzace CO\u2082. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem nap\u0159\u00edklad producenti ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f, dodavatel\u00e9 zemn\u00edho plynu a dovozci fosiln\u00edch paliv. Stejn\u011b tak se to t\u00fdk\u00e1 obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s fosiln\u00edmi palivy, energetick\u00fdmi a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi a v\u00fdrobci tepla v sektoru budov. Nep\u0159\u00edmo se od roku 2023 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed <strong>tak\u00e9 pronaj\u00edmatel\u00e9 nemovitost\u00ed<\/strong> Pronaj\u00edmatel\u00e9 mus\u00ed n\u00e9st \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1klad\u016f na emise CO\u2082, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159i obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s palivy. D\u011bje se tak v souladu se z\u00e1konem o sd\u00edlen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na CO\u2082, kter\u00fd upravuje rozd\u011blen\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f mezi n\u00e1jemn\u00edky a pronaj\u00edmatele. Celkov\u011b se \u00fa\u010dast v BEHG pod\u00edl\u00ed na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b <strong>4 000 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch firem<\/strong> v hodnotov\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci fosiln\u00edch paliv <strong>povinn\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Funk\u010dnost obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed SESTA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u011bmeck\u00e9 obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s BEHG je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi v EU, obchoduje s n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi emisn\u00edmi povolenkami (nEZ) a je zalo\u017eeno na principu <strong>\"Cap and Trade.<\/strong> Politicky stanoven\u00fd horn\u00ed limit (\"strop\") definuje maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed emis\u00ed CO\u2082, kter\u00e9 lze vyprodukovat spot\u0159ebou fosiln\u00edch paliv. Stejn\u011b jako v syst\u00e9mu EU ETS se tento strop postupn\u011b sni\u017euje. Dot\u010den\u00e9 podniky jsou povinny sn\u00ed\u017eit sv\u00e9 emise emis\u00ed. <strong>Emise CO\u2082<\/strong> na <strong>V\u00fdpo\u010det<\/strong>za ka\u017edou vypou\u0161t\u011bnou tunu CO\u2082. <strong>Z\u00edskat certifik\u00e1t<\/strong> a n\u00e1sledn\u011b je v\u010das p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9mu \u00fa\u0159adu pro obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi (DEHSt). <strong>kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159edlo\u017eeny ke zru\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certifik\u00e1ty jsou obchodovateln\u00e9, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee <strong>Tr\u017en\u00ed cena<\/strong> na z\u00e1klad\u011b nab\u00eddky a popt\u00e1vky. Jakmile se certifik\u00e1ty stanou vz\u00e1cn\u00fdmi, jejich cena stoup\u00e1, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed pob\u00eddku pro podniky, aby sni\u017eovaly sv\u00e9 emise. Sou\u010dasn\u011b mohou spole\u010dnosti vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159ebytek <strong>Prodej certifik\u00e1t\u016f<\/strong> nebo v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby dal\u0161\u00ed <strong>zp\u011btn\u00fd odkup<\/strong>. To vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ekonomickou pob\u00eddku k efektivn\u00edmu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv a k p\u0159echodu na alternativy s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi emisemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed certifik\u00e1t\u016f a opc\u00ed v r\u00e1mci obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed SESTA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podniky mohou nakupovat certifik\u00e1ty BEHG (n\u00e1rodn\u00ed emisn\u00ed povolenky, nEZ) do roku 2025 v\u010detn\u011b za pevnou cenu 55 EUR v N\u011bmecku p\u0159\u00edmo u obchodn\u00edka s emisn\u00edmi povolenkami.&nbsp;<strong>Evropsk\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 burza (EEX)<\/strong>&nbsp;v Lipsku, pokud podali \u017e\u00e1dost o povolen\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b maj\u00ed mo\u017enost z\u00edskat osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm autorizovan\u00fdch osob. <strong>Zprost\u0159edkovatel<\/strong> nebo <strong>Zprost\u0159edkovatel\u00e9<\/strong> koupit. Tito poskytovatel\u00e9 slu\u017eeb nab\u00edzej\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 slu\u017eby, od \u010dist\u00e9ho vy\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed obchod\u016f p\u0159es poradenstv\u00ed a\u017e po ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed. Spole\u010dnosti maj\u00ed mo\u017enost vybrat si vhodn\u00e9 poskytovatele slu\u017eeb podle sv\u00fdch specifick\u00fdch pot\u0159eb, aby efektivn\u011b spravovaly sv\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty CO\u2082 a plnily sv\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky v r\u00e1mci obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi. To je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b smyslupln\u00e9, pokud bude od roku 2028 obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed realizov\u00e1no prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm aukc\u00ed na organizaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Podm\u00ednky a lh\u016fty obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci SESTA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spole\u010dnosti mus\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edkl\u00e1dat sv\u00e1 osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed do&nbsp;<strong>30. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/strong>&nbsp;N\u011bmeck\u00e9mu \u00fa\u0159adu pro obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi (DEHSt) podle mno\u017estv\u00ed emis\u00ed CO\u2082, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm roce. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem by m\u011bly zajistit, aby jejich <strong>Zpr\u00e1vy o vyd\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> jsou spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a \u00fapln\u00e9 a \u017ee <strong>\u00da\u010det v registru pro obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi<\/strong> je udr\u017eov\u00e1n bez chyb. Sou\u010dasn\u011b je t\u0159eba z\u00edskat a v\u010das p\u0159edlo\u017eit pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty. F\u00e1ze dra\u017eby certifik\u00e1t\u016f bude zah\u00e1jena v roce 2026 s t\u00edm. <strong>Cenov\u00fd strop do maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e 65 eur<\/strong>, ne\u017e se od roku 2028 umo\u017en\u00ed voln\u00e9 cenotvorby na trhu. Odborn\u00edci pot\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed ceny certifik\u00e1t\u016f v rozmez\u00ed <strong>200 a\u017e 350 eur<\/strong> v r\u00e1mci sch\u00e9matu EU ETS II. Spole\u010dnosti by m\u011bly n\u00e1kup pe\u010dliv\u011b napl\u00e1novat a sledovat kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00ed ceny. U\u017eite\u010dn\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt extern\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 slu\u017eeb nebo konzultanti s odborn\u00fdmi znalostmi v oblasti obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fsledky poru\u0161en\u00ed BEHG<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jakmile spole\u010dnost nespr\u00e1vn\u011b zdokumentuje sv\u00e9 emise CO\u2082 nebo je nekryje certifik\u00e1ty v souladu s BEHG, celn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad provede odhad. Nekryt\u00e9 emise CO\u2082 nebo chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed certifik\u00e1ty mus\u00ed b\u00fdt od roku 2027 zp\u011btn\u011b pro <strong>nejm\u00e9n\u011b 100 eur<\/strong> z\u00edsk\u00e1ny a vyrovn\u00e1ny. Tato \u010d\u00e1stka se pravideln\u011b upravuje podle evropsk\u00e9ho indexu spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch cen, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu zvy\u0161uje. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nedbalostn\u00edho nebo dokonce \u00famysln\u00e9ho poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnost\u00ed BEHG hroz\u00ed, \u017ee bude <strong>Pokuty a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e 500 000 eur<\/strong>. Spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 opakovan\u011b poru\u0161uj\u00ed po\u017eadavky, riskuj\u00ed ztr\u00e1tu p\u0159\u00edstupu do n\u00e1rodn\u00edho registru pro obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s BEHG p\u0159edstavuje pro spole\u010dnosti povinn\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 strategicky vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zpoplatn\u011bn\u00ed CO\u2082. Postupn\u00fdm p\u0159echodem z n\u00e1rodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi na evropsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m EU ETS II od roku 2028 se trh s povolenkami CO\u2082 bude st\u00e1le v\u00edce dynamizovat. Spole\u010dnosti by proto m\u011bly v\u010das p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed k optimalizaci sv\u00fdch emisn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e strategick\u00fdm n\u00e1kupem povolenek, investicemi do n\u00edzkoemisn\u00edch technologi\u00ed nebo vyu\u017eit\u00edm extern\u00edch poradensk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed lh\u016ft a spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 dokumentace jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro zamezen\u00ed vysok\u00fdm pokut\u00e1m a regulatorn\u00edm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm. Dlouhodob\u011b bude rostouc\u00ed cena povolenek CO\u2082 nutit spole\u010dnosti k udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch model\u016f a k dal\u0161\u00edmu sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/vedet\/fachbeitraege\/\">Zp\u011bt na p\u0159ehled<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4.000 uvad\u011b\u010d\u016f fosiln\u00edch paliv mus\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b pod\u00e1vat zpr\u00e1vy o emis\u00edch a nech\u00e1vat u DEHSt odepsat certifik\u00e1ty, aby se vyhnuli pokut\u00e1m a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e 500 000 \u20ac. V\u010dasn\u00e1 dekarbonizace a strategick\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed certifik\u00e1t\u016f jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9, proto\u017ee omezen\u00ed \u201ecapu\u201c od roku 2028 masivn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed ceny.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":21718,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61,60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grundlagen-technik","category-regulatorik-esg"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>BEHG-Handel mit CO\u2082-Zertifikaten | CUBE CONCEPTS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Der BEHG-Handel wird ab 2028 in den EU ETS II integriert und Experten rechnen mit hohen Preisen f\u00fcr 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