{"id":11057,"date":"2023-12-12T13:28:17","date_gmt":"2023-12-12T12:28:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/?p=11057"},"modified":"2026-06-11T13:12:15","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T11:12:15","slug":"oddelovaci-spinac-pro-fotovoltaicke-systemy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/trennschalter-bei-pv-anlagen\/","title":{"rendered":"Odpojova\u010de pro fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V z\u00e1sad\u011b existuj\u00ed <strong>R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy odpojova\u010d\u016f pro fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/strong>. V\u00e1\u0161 z\u00e1vazek od roku 2006 <strong>p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 z\u00e1konem<\/strong> a jsou vedle <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/prepetova-ochrana-pro-fotovoltaicke-systemy\/\">P\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 ochrana<\/a> d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho fotovoltaick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Odpojova\u010de se ve fotovoltaick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed nebo uzav\u0159en\u00ed obvodu. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se k odpojen\u00ed spojen\u00ed mezi fotovoltaick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem a vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elektrickou s\u00edt\u00ed, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna bezpe\u010dnost mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f a technik\u016f \u00fadr\u017eby. Odpojova\u010de umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed kontrolovat tok elekt\u0159iny v syst\u00e9mu a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby jej bezpe\u010dn\u011b vypnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak odpojova\u010de zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost fotovoltaick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed obvodu ve fotovoltaick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed odpojova\u010de. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na b\u011bhem <strong>Instalace, <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/udrzba-fotovoltaickych-systemu-s-maximalizaci-vykonu-a-zivotnosti\/\">\u00dadr\u017eba<\/a> nebo oprava<\/strong> syst\u00e9mu, proto\u017ee jednotlivec <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/ucinnost-solarnich-clanku\/\">Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed moduly<\/a> v\u017edy p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed elekt\u0159inu, jakmile na n\u011b dopadne denn\u00ed sv\u011btlo. P\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edm toku elekt\u0159iny mohou mont\u00e9\u0159i a technici na syst\u00e9mu bezpe\u010dn\u011b pracovat, <strong>bez nebezpe\u010d\u00ed<\/strong> \u00farazu elektrick\u00fdm proudem. Krom\u011b toho odpojova\u010de umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rychl\u00e9 vypnut\u00ed syst\u00e9mu v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nouze nebo poruchy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Odpojova\u010de jsou rovn\u011b\u017e navr\u017eeny tak, aby poskytovaly vysokou \u00farove\u0148 elektrick\u00e9 izolace. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee <strong>Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed toku proudu<\/strong> bez rizika vzniku elektrick\u00e9ho oblouku nebo jisk\u0159en\u00ed. T\u00edm se minimalizuje riziko po\u017e\u00e1ru nebo po\u0161kozen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu. Pou\u017eit\u00ed odpojova\u010d\u016f ve fotovoltaick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech je proto nezbytn\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Typy odpojova\u010d\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch ve fotovoltaick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na stran\u011b stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho proudu fotovoltaick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu <strong>Odpojova\u010d na \u00farovni modulu<\/strong> lze pou\u017e\u00edt. Tyto vyp\u00edna\u010de z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee se instaluj\u00ed extern\u011b v bl\u00edzkosti modulu, reguluj\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9 a\u017e st\u0159edn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a mohou odpojit jednotliv\u00e9 moduly nebo a\u017e \u0161est modul\u016f od veden\u00ed. Takzvan\u00e9 vyp\u00edna\u010de mohou odpojit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. Instaluj\u00ed se rovn\u011b\u017e na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stran\u011b a <strong>\u00darove\u0148 \u0159et\u011bzce<\/strong> pou\u017eity. Jsou tak schopny odd\u011blit od syst\u00e9mu a\u017e 20 sol\u00e1rn\u00edch modul\u016f. V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 <strong>na <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/faktor-dimenzovani-menicu\/\">M\u011bni\u010d<\/a> jako odpojova\u010d<\/strong> na stran\u011b stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho proudu a tzv. hasi\u010dsk\u00fd sp\u00edna\u010d, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee jako bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed prvek odpojit stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud od zbytku syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed <strong>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 kabely stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho proudu pod nap\u011bt\u00edm <\/strong>do<strong> uzav\u0159en\u00e1 budova<\/strong>. Pokud jsou tedy st\u0159\u00edda\u010de instalov\u00e1ny uvnit\u0159 budovy, je nutn\u00e9, aby se <strong>Aktivace na \u00farovni \u0159et\u011bzce <\/strong>nepostradateln\u00e9. To vy\u017eaduje <strong>Instalace odpojova\u010de po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edho okruhu<\/strong> na st\u0159e\u0161e pro odpojen\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00fdch kabel\u016f od nap\u011bt\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po\u017e\u00e1ru. Pokud <strong>M\u011bni\u010d <\/strong>na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b <strong>na st\u0159e\u0161e nebo na fas\u00e1d\u011b <\/strong>jsou nainstalov\u00e1ny, nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 odpojov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00farovni \u0159et\u011bzce nebo dokonce modulu. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nevedou kabely stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho proudu pod nap\u011bt\u00edm vnit\u0159kem budovy a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po\u017e\u00e1ru sta\u010d\u00ed hasi\u010d\u016fm jednodu\u0161e odpojit budovu, proto\u017ee st\u0159\u00edda\u010de se pak automaticky vypnou a d\u00edky instalovan\u00fdm kondenz\u00e1tor\u016fm jsou zhruba po p\u011bti minut\u00e1ch bez nap\u011bt\u00ed. Konstrukce \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f a <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/zapojeni-fotovoltaickych-modulu\/\">Zapojen\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00fdch modul\u016f<\/a> proto tak\u00e9 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na poloze m\u011bni\u010d\u016f nebo rota\u010dn\u00edch rovnac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za st\u0159\u00edda\u010di jsou obvykle instalov\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed odpojova\u010de. Tyto <strong>Sp\u00edna\u010d st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu pro p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee<\/strong> nebo bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed odpojova\u010de ve st\u0159e\u0161n\u00edch fotovoltaick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech jsou obvykle um\u00edst\u011bny uvnit\u0159 komer\u010dn\u00edch nebo pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch budov p\u0159ed rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010di, ve kter\u00fdch je cel\u00fd fotovoltaick\u00fd syst\u00e9m instalov\u00e1n. <strong>nav\u00edc od RCD<\/strong> je zaji\u0161t\u011bn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Faktory, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru odpojova\u010d\u016f pro fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu r\u016fzn\u00e9 faktory. Mezi nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/jmenovity-vykon-a-spickovy-vykon-ve-wattech-pro-solarni-moduly\/\">Jmenovit\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a jmenovit\u00fd proud<\/a> syst\u00e9mu<\/strong>. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vybrat odpojova\u010de vhodn\u00e9 pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a proud fotovoltaick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Odpojova\u010d, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed navr\u017een pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed nebo proud, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k tomu. <strong>Poruchy<\/strong> nebo dokonce na <strong>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu<\/strong> olovo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru odpojova\u010d\u016f je. <strong>T\u0159\u00edda ochrany<\/strong>. Fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my jsou vystaveny r\u016fzn\u00fdm vliv\u016fm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jako je vlhkost nebo prach. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vyb\u00edrat odpojova\u010de s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm stupn\u011bm ochrany, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno jejich spolehliv\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed v dan\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed z\u00e1str\u010dky p\u0159edstavuje v podstat\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed riziko ne\u017e pevn\u00fd kabel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Instalace a \u00fadr\u017eba odpojova\u010d\u016f pro fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 instalace a \u00fadr\u017eba odpojova\u010d\u016f m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro. <strong>Bezpe\u010dnost a efektivita<\/strong> fotovoltaick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 v <a href=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/pojistovne-odpovidajici-fotovoltaicke-elektrarny\/\">Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/a> p\u0159edepsan\u00e9. P\u0159i instalaci mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odpojova\u010de instalov\u00e1ny v souladu s platn\u00fdmi p\u0159edpisy a normami, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 funkce. Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 odpojova\u010de pravideln\u011b testovat. <strong>udr\u017eovat a kontrolovat<\/strong>. Koneckonc\u016f <strong>Kabely, konektory <\/strong>a<strong> Elektrick\u00fd syst\u00e9m fotovoltaick\u00fdch modul\u016f<\/strong> Jsou vystaveny pov\u011btrnostn\u00edm vliv\u016fm, a proto podl\u00e9haj\u00ed opot\u0159eben\u00ed, st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, pohybu v\u011btru nebo okusov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159aty. <strong>Riziko po\u017e\u00e1ru<\/strong>. Efektivn\u00ed <strong>Syst\u00e9m po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed ochrany<\/strong> v\u010das odhal\u00ed po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r, odd\u011blovac\u00ed sp\u00edna\u010de tyto oblasti speci\u00e1ln\u011b odd\u011bl\u00ed od zbytku syst\u00e9mu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zabr\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m nebo provozn\u00edm poruch\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"15300\" class=\"elementor elementor-15300\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7720627 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7720627\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2d7cf1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e2d7cf1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f42313 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f42313\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42660e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"42660e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Energetick\u00fd zpravodaj<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b495a97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b495a97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-916e623 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"916e623\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bu\u010fte v\u017edy aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed!<\/p><p><strong>Va\u0161e v\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2713 Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch energie<\/p><p>\u2713 Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed informace o energetick\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu a dotac\u00edch<\/p><p>\u2713 Odborn\u00e9 znalosti v oblasti fotovoltaiky a udr\u017eitelnosti<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a28f7a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a28f7a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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nyn\u00ed<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0648968 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0648968\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4654f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e4654f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Newsletter-Mockup-1024x768.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15431\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Newsletter-Mockup-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Newsletter-Mockup-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Newsletter-Mockup-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Newsletter-Mockup.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u0165 u\u017e na \u00farovni modul\u016f, string\u016f nebo st\u0159\u00edda\u010d\u016f \u2013 spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed odpojova\u010d\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz komer\u010dn\u00edch sol\u00e1rn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vysv\u011btluje technick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 odpojova\u010de a poskytuje praktick\u00e9 rady, jak minimalizovat riziko po\u017e\u00e1ru chytr\u00fdm veden\u00edm kabel\u016f a volbou stupn\u011b ochrany.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11058,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grundlagen-technik","category-photovoltaik"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Trennschalter bei PV-Anlagen | CUBE CONCEPTS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Alle verschiedenen Trennschalter bei PV-Anlagen sorgen daf\u00fcr, dass die Solarmodule sicher 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