{"id":10459,"date":"2023-10-25T14:15:09","date_gmt":"2023-10-25T12:15:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/?p=10459"},"modified":"2026-06-12T08:23:32","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T06:23:32","slug":"smlouvy-o-rozdilech-v-eu-odstranuji-trzni-premie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cubeconcepts.de\/cz\/eu-differenzvertraege-loesen-marktpraemien-ab\/","title":{"rendered":"EU: Rozd\u00edlov\u00e9 smlouvy nahrazuj\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mie"},"content":{"rendered":"

V polovin\u011b \u0159\u00edjna 2023 se minist\u0159i energetiky EU dok\u00e1zali dohodnout na dohod\u011b o Reforma evropsk\u00e9ho trhu s elekt\u0159inou<\/strong> souhlasit. V souvislosti s enormn\u00edm n\u00e1r\u016fstem cen elekt\u0159iny v roce 2022 je t\u0159eba v budoucnu tyto cenov\u00e9 exploze tlumit a z\u00e1rove\u0148 podporovat rozvoj obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie. Politici doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee se jim poda\u0159\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout dlouhodob\u00e9 stability na trz\u00edch s elekt\u0159inou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm standardizovan\u00e9ho a z\u00e1vazn\u00e9ho zaveden\u00ed tzv. Rozd\u00edlov\u00e9 smlouvy (CfD), <\/strong>zadr\u017een\u00ed Pr\u00e9miov\u00e9 modely na trhu<\/strong>, zlep\u0161en\u00edm likvidity na term\u00ednov\u00fdch trz\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edm o\u017eiven\u00edm soukrom\u00fdch smluv o n\u00e1kupu elekt\u0159iny (PPA). Tak\u00e9 na n\u011bmeck\u00fd trh s elekt\u0159inou<\/a> bude to m\u00edt dopad. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozd\u00edlov\u00e9 smlouvy (CfD) se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed povinn\u00fdmi pro roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem p\u0159edchoz\u00ed diskuse mezi N\u011bmeckem a Franci\u00ed bylo nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u00fdnosy ze st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch rozd\u00edlov\u00fdch smluv. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny ve Francii jsou ve vlastnictv\u00ed st\u00e1tu a maj\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 rozd\u00edlov\u00e9 smlouvy, ob\u00e1vala se n\u011bmeck\u00e1 delegace, \u017ee by v\u00fdnosy mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity k dotov\u00e1n\u00ed cen elekt\u0159iny - podobn\u011b jako u mostn\u00ed nebo pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny. Kompromis, kter\u00fd byl nyn\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1n, stanov\u00ed, \u017ee Evropsk\u00fd kontroln\u00ed mechanismus<\/strong> p\u0159ed. CfD jsou speci\u00e1ln\u00ed smlouvy, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizika kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed cen elekt\u0159iny a ke stabilizaci p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f v\u00fdrobc\u016f energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. \u010casto je vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vl\u00e1dy nebo energetick\u00e9 regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch na podporu rozvoje projekt\u016f obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie. V N\u011bmecku je v\u00fdroba elekt\u0159iny z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie st\u00e1le dotov\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tzv. tzv. klouzav\u00e9 tr\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mie<\/strong> a nikoli prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm rozd\u00edlov\u00fdch smluv, co\u017e se nyn\u00ed v budoucnu zm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou smlouvy o rozd\u00edlech?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip rozd\u00edlov\u00fdch smluv spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee v\u00fdrobce energie, obvykle v\u00fdrobce energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, jako je v\u011btrn\u00e1 nebo sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie, uzav\u0159e smlouvu o dod\u00e1vce energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e1 je v souladu se smlouvou o dod\u00e1vce energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. pevn\u00e1 cena za jednotku vyroben\u00e9 energie<\/strong> (nap\u0159. megawatthodina). Tato cena se uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 jako Referen\u010dn\u00ed cena<\/strong> nebo realiza\u010dn\u00ed cena na za\u010d\u00e1tku pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny na obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie. Dlouhodob\u011b pevn\u00e1<\/strong> a je obecn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e1 tr\u017en\u00ed cena elekt\u0159iny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud je tr\u017en\u00ed cena elekt\u0159iny ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e referen\u010dn\u00ed cena, v\u00fdrobce obdr\u017e\u00ed rozd\u00edl jako finan\u010dn\u00ed podporu od vl\u00e1dy nebo jin\u00e9ho smluvn\u00edho partnera. Naopak, pokud je tr\u017en\u00ed cena vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e referen\u010dn\u00ed cena, v\u00fdrobce mus\u00ed rozd\u00edl vr\u00e1tit<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech jsou rozd\u00edlov\u00e9 smlouvy uzav\u00edr\u00e1ny v r\u00e1mci v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v nich\u017e v\u00fdrobci energie p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed nab\u00eddky na uzav\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto smluv. To podporuje hospod\u00e1\u0159skou sout\u011b\u017e a umo\u017e\u0148uje vl\u00e1d\u00e1m dos\u00e1hnout co nejv\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednek pro podporu obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie. Syst\u00e9my CfD se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, Francii a \u0160pan\u011blsku a jejich doba platnosti se pohybuje mezi dvan\u00e1cti a 25 lety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdhody rozd\u00edlov\u00e9 smlouvy (CfD):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schopnost dlouhodob\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> CfD umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed tv\u016frc\u016fm projekt\u016f a v\u00fdrobc\u016fm energie uzav\u00edrat dlouhodob\u00e9 smlouvy, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a financov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00fdch projekt\u016f. Chr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobce elekt\u0159iny p\u0159ed n\u00edzk\u00fdmi cenami a spot\u0159ebitele p\u0159ed rostouc\u00edmi cenami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cenov\u00e1 jistota<\/strong>CfD obvykle nab\u00edzej\u00ed ur\u010ditou z\u00e1ruku ceny, proto\u017ee \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed pevn\u00e9 nebo indexov\u00e9 ceny za dodanou energii. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sni\u017eovat cenov\u00e9 riziko pro v\u00fdrobce energie a kone\u010dn\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Financov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edv\u011btiv\u00e9<\/strong>CfD usnad\u0148uj\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00fdch projekt\u016f, proto\u017ee nab\u00edzej\u00ed stabiln\u00ed zdroj p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, kter\u00fd je pro v\u011b\u0159itele atraktivn\u00ed. Celkov\u011b se t\u00edm tak\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed n\u00e1klady na financov\u00e1n\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je to n\u011bmeck\u00e1 \"klouzav\u00e1 tr\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mie\"?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pokud je syst\u00e9m dotov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed klouzav\u00e9 tr\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mie nebo modelu tr\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mie, postupuje se na za\u010d\u00e1tku projektu podobn\u011b jako u rozd\u00edlov\u00fdch smluv. V\u00fdrobce elekt\u0159iny s\u00e1m prod\u00e1v\u00e1 svou vlastn\u00ed elekt\u0159inu a obdr\u017e\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mii jako minim\u00e1ln\u00ed cenu<\/strong>. Li\u0161\u00ed se v\u0161ak t\u00edm, \u017ee Mo\u017en\u00e9 dodate\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy <\/strong>v d\u016fsledku zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed cen elekt\u0159iny z\u016fstat u gener\u00e1toru<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kdy\u017e ceny elekt\u0159iny klesaj\u00ed, m\u00e1 provozovatel syst\u00e9mu zaru\u010denou minim\u00e1ln\u00ed cenu, a kdy\u017e ceny elekt\u0159iny stoupaj\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee se z v\u00fdkupn\u00ed ceny odhl\u00e1sit a prod\u00e1vat elekt\u0159inu s\u00e1m se ziskem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klouzav\u00e1 tr\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mie tedy znamen\u00e1, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ceny<\/strong> nevyhnuteln\u011b tak\u00e9 na kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ed\u00e1ny kone\u010dn\u00e9mu spot\u0159ebiteli<\/strong>. Spekulativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed model tr\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mie se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k financov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 75 % v\u0161ech v\u011btrn\u00fdch a fotovoltaick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f v N\u011bmecku. Investo\u0159i nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b zohled\u0148ovat pouze \u010dist\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady elektr\u00e1rny. V\u011bnuj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 nastavit<\/strong> sp\u00ed\u0161e k rostouc\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na elekt\u0159inu <\/strong>a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zisky v budoucnu<\/strong>. Ty jsou pak zahrnuty do celkov\u00fdch kalkulac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na v\u00fdrobu energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, co\u017e m\u00e1 d\u00e1le za n\u00e1sledek, \u017ee projekty jsou ve v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzen\u00edch nab\u00edzeny mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u011b, kdy\u017e ceny elekt\u0159iny rostou, a nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1ny, kdy\u017e ceny elekt\u0159iny klesaj\u00ed. Nest\u00e1l\u00e9 ceny elekt\u0159iny tak zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed riziko a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady na financov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>. Ve Francii st\u00e1le existuj\u00ed modely tr\u017en\u00edch pr\u00e9mi\u00ed s v\u00fdkupn\u00edmi cenami, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro v\u011btrn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny na mo\u0159i a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evropsk\u00e9 modely dotac\u00ed: rozd\u00edlov\u00e9 smlouvy, tr\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mie a hybridn\u00ed formy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V Evrop\u011b v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b st\u00e1le existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 modely dotac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 od sebe nelze v\u017edy jasn\u011b odli\u0161it. Krom\u011b model\u016f tr\u017en\u00edch pr\u00e9mi\u00ed existuj\u00ed nap\u0159. Modely kv\u00f3t a certifik\u00e1t\u016f<\/strong> (jako ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku a do roku 2021 v Norsku) a Investi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky<\/strong>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Finsko a Rakousko podporuj\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00e9 a hydroenergetick\u00e9 projekty prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00edch grant\u016f, zat\u00edmco \u0160v\u00e9dsko nab\u00edz\u00ed krom\u011b syst\u00e9mu certifik\u00e1t\u016f tak\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky na fotovoltaiku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozd\u00edly jsou i v designu pr\u00e9miov\u00fdch model\u016f na trhu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad tr\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mie mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 Pevn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky<\/strong> b\u00fdt organizov\u00e1n. V takov\u00e9m modelu, kter\u00fd nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u011bmecko pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro technologicky neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed \"inova\u010dn\u00ed tendry\", dost\u00e1v\u00e1 provozovatel elektr\u00e1rny pevn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek za ka\u017edou vyrobenou kilowatthodinu. P\u0159i zohledn\u011bn\u00ed diskontov\u00e1n\u00ed se tento model bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro tzv. asymetrick\u00e9 pr\u00e9mie<\/strong> pojistn\u00e9 se nikdy nedostane do z\u00e1porn\u00fdch hodnot. Provozovatel\u00e9 elektr\u00e1ren se tak mohou zajistit proti n\u00edzk\u00fdm cen\u00e1m elekt\u0159iny, ale zachovat si potenci\u00e1l zisku v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b r\u016fstu cen. To zn\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled l\u00e1kav\u011b, ale m\u016f\u017ee to v\u00e9st k agresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm nab\u00eddk\u00e1m v aukc\u00edch, proto\u017ee investo\u0159i se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na mo\u017enosti zisku a v\u011bdom\u011b podstupuj\u00ed rizika. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u projekt\u016f v\u011btrn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren na mo\u0159i se skute\u010dn\u011b objevily nulov\u00e9 nab\u00eddky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoli n\u011bkter\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b plat\u00ed Pohybliv\u00e9 tr\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mie<\/strong> ale pouze na omezenou dobu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee investice jsou vystaveny voln\u00e9mu trhu ji\u017e po 10 nebo 12 letech. V extr\u00e9mn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech se takov\u00fd pr\u00e9miov\u00fd model podob\u00e1 investi\u010dn\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku: Pokud je pojistn\u00e9 teoreticky vypl\u00e1ceno pouze po dobu jednoho roku, je zhruba ekvivalentn\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reforma trhu s elekt\u0159inou v EU prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm rozd\u00edlov\u00fdch smluv, nikoliv model\u016f tr\u017en\u00edch pr\u00e9mi\u00ed.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed trialog mezi Evropskou komis\u00ed, Parlamentem a Radou ministr\u016f o dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvoji evropsk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 legislativy proto podpo\u0159\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed smluv o rozd\u00edlov\u00fdch smlouv\u00e1ch na podporu obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie a omez\u00ed modely tr\u017en\u00edch pr\u00e9mi\u00ed. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup je rovn\u011b\u017e v souladu s doporu\u010den\u00edm N\u011bmeck\u00e9ho institutu pro hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, kter\u00e9 bylo zve\u0159ejn\u011bno v publikaci Studie<\/a> z roku 2022 do\u0161el k podobn\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru. Podle z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy by spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 mohli do roku 2030 sn\u00ed\u017eit sv\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na elekt\u0159inu o 800 milion\u016f eur ro\u010dn\u011b a v roce 2022 by d\u00edky rozd\u00edlov\u00fdm smlouv\u00e1m u\u0161et\u0159ili t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 15 miliard eur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed dotac\u00ed pro evropsk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 a uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny nicm\u00e9n\u011b povede k dal\u0161\u00edm diskus\u00edm v r\u00e1mci trialogu. Zejm\u00e9na levn\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 energie m\u016f\u017ee rychle v\u00e9st k naru\u0161en\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee na evropsk\u00fdch trz\u00edch s elekt\u0159inou a dotace na uhl\u00ed by ji\u017e nem\u011bly existovat. Krom\u011b rozd\u00edlov\u00fdch smluv pl\u00e1nuje Parlament umo\u017enit tak\u00e9 rovnocenn\u00e9 mechanismy p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch dotac\u00ed pro obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie. Vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 k tomu, aby se alespo\u0148 50% rozd\u00edlov\u00fdch smluv (CfD) zad\u00e1valo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed stav k vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9matu CfD v N\u011bmecku je v p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku \u201cOboustrann\u00e9 smlouvy o rozd\u00edlu (CfD) v z\u00e1kon\u011b o obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch energie EEG 2027: Co by oper\u00e1to\u0159i m\u011bli nyn\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt<\/a>\u201c<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reforma trhu s elekt\u0159inou v EU signalizuje konec klasick\u00fdch tr\u017en\u00edch pr\u00e9mi\u00ed a v budoucnu se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na povinn\u00e9 kontrakty na rozd\u00edl (CfD), aby ochr\u00e1nila spot\u0159ebitele p\u0159ed prudk\u00fdm n\u00e1r\u016fstem cen. Tato zm\u011bna syst\u00e9mu nab\u00edz\u00ed provozovatel\u016fm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dlouhodobou jistotu p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f \u2013 ale mohla by tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eit zisky.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10477,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solar-news","category-regulatorik-esg"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDifferenzvertr\u00e4ge statt Marktpr\u00e4mien | CUBE CONCEPTS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Differenzvertr\u00e4ge sollen gem\u00e4\u00df der EU-Energieminister k\u00fcnftig die Marktpr\u00e4mien abl\u00f6sen. 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